Saturday, August 31, 2019
“After Apple-picking†Robert Frost and “Prospero’s Epilogue†by William Shakespeare Essay
There are simply a select few individuals in this world that could be considered as exceptional. There are many great names in the world of literature, but this paper would only focus on two great writers and their respective works. William Shakespeare is considered by many as the greatest writer that has ever lived. He is even nicknamed â€Å"the immortal†by literature enthusiasts. On the other hand Robert Frost is a great poet, whose works had taken the poetry genre by storm. This paper will make a comparison of two works of these two great writers: Shakespeare’s Epilogue for Prospero and Frost’s â€Å"After Apple-Picking.†           The two works were communicated under the same medium, poetry. Both works were utilizing poetic devices such as symbolism, imagery, alliteration, etc.             The function of both works is to assault the emotions of the readers. â€Å"After Apple-Picking†is a poem about writing a poem. Frost tells the readers that writing poetry is an arduous task â€Å"I am overtired†(Line 29) But that tiredness of a poet could be relieved by the audience appreciation â€Å"of the great harvest I myself desired.†’            The image of the many apples is a symbol for creativity. Frost is simply arguing that there is an abundance of creativityâ€â€the problem is that harvesting that creativity could tire out an artist.            On the other hand, Shakespeare’s words through Prospero is specifically categorized as a soliloquy. This particular literary technique is made famous by Shakespearean plays, like in Hamlet’s â€Å"to be or not to be†soliloquy. A soliloquy is basically done when a character of the play directly addresses the audience. In traditional theater, there is the existence of the â€Å"fourth wall.†The â€Å"fourth wall†is highly technical to discuss but it basically refers to the gap between the actors and the audience. In other terms, the reality in the stage is very far from the reality of real life. Formalistically in plays, a character should never interact with the audience, simply because it ruins the illusion. This may be the very deign of Shakespeare for Prospero’s soliloquy. Shakespeare does not want his work to be a mere illusion, he wanted it to be something real. And according to the text, what could make it real, or Prospero free, is only the applause of the audience. Conclusion Shakespeare’s message is no different with Frost’s. During Prospero’s epilogue, Prospero is simply asking for an applause to set him free â€Å"†¦without applause / my plan to please you has failed†It is similar in both of the works to recognize that there is an audience. Both of them may have simply saying that the readers/audiences are just as important as the piece itself. If it was not for the appreciation of those who enjoy the beauty of words, literature would not exists. References Frost, Robert. â€Å"After Apple-picking†. Retrieved 5 June 2008 Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Retrieved 5 June 2008 < shakespeare.mit.edu/tempest/full.html>
Friday, August 30, 2019
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and Desiree’s Baby Essay
This passage’s relationship with the general theme or idea of the story is that it was able to show the main character’s dilemma of whether succumbing to his predetermined death or fighting for his life and his desire to be with his love ones. More so, the ticking of his watch symbolized the feeling of fear and alarm over the notion of an impending death. In this type situation or conflict, an individual would normally notice all the things that are happening around him. However, his senses were enhanced making the main character to see all the things in a micro-level which means that everything has been intensified such as the ticking of his watch that he thought was the sound of loud pounding of metal (Eserver. org). 2. â€Å"When he frowned she trembled, but loved him. When he smiled, she asked no greater blessing of God†The story of Desiree’s Baby story revolved around unconditional love as well as the limitations of love. In the passage, it demonstrated Desiree’s unconditional love for her husband despite his erratic temperament and his apparent concern over racial issues. However, this also suggests that the husband did not reciprocate the level of love and care that was being given to him. In connection with the general theme of the story, the passage emphasized the main character’s sentiments towards the overpowering characteristic of love or being in love. She is willing to give her all to the man she loves without expecting any in return which was the main idea of the story. More so, in the end, regret or remorse is the only redemption that one can do to compensate for a great love loss (Eastoftheweb. com). Works Cited Bierce, Ambrose. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. †2009. Eserver. org. 14 April 2009 Chopin, Kate. â€Å"Desiree’s Baby. †2003. Eastoftheweb. com. 14 April 2009
Thursday, August 29, 2019
Psychology Assignment: Perception Essay
Introduction     Sensation and perception are mental processes that are sometimes mistaken for each other.  A fine distinction, however, can be drawn between them. Sensation is defined as, â€Å"the conscious experience that follows immediately upon the stimulation of a sense organ or a sensory nerve.†The first result of a stimulus situation is sensation and an elaboration of beyond this first result is perception (Halonen & Santrock, 1996).     A factor influencing man’s behavior and his adjustment is how he looks at places, persons, objects, things, and situations. His interpretation about affect greatly his business and everyday life. If, for example, he looks at a store lay-out and says that it is conducive to increased sales volume, then that is how he perceives the store’s lay-out. The same is true for an employer who evaluates job applicants. He interviews and gives tests to them. The final decision depends upon his awareness of the different traits or qualifications expected of the applicants. This is what is termed as perception (Halonen & Santrock, 1996). Discussion     The dictionary of education defines perception in its most limited sense as â€Å"awareness of external objects, conditions, relationship as a result of sensory stimulation†(McKenna, 2000).     Beach and Clark (1959) define it as â€Å"the process which involves the receiving and organizing or interpreting of stimuli, by the individual (McKenna, 2000).     From the aforementioned definitions, one thing is common and that is the awareness of a stimulus. This awareness is achieved through our sense organs, muscles and glands, and connectors (McKenna, 2000). Characteristics of the Perception Process     Perception as the action by which the mind refers its sensations to external object has certain characteristics. Beach and Clark enumerated and discussed the characteristics of perception as follows (McKenna, 2000; Clement, 1981):     It is Selective     When one walks down the street, he is not aware of everything in his environment. Eh pays attention to specific or particular stimuli only and not to all sounds, sight and other types of stimuli about him.     Through our sense organs, in other words, we select only those things we are interested in. there is but a particular thing that may attract, maintain, or distract the attention of the individual (McKenna, 2000; Clement, 1981)..     It is Structuring or Patterning Process     What a person perceives as common to him is a form or structure. This is what is called configuration or wholeness in Gestalt psychology. A person perceives a real thing when it comes in the correct pattern or structure. A complete pattern of an object means that it has all the attributes of the object: (1) it must have shape, (2) it must have a color, (3) it must have a smell; (4) it must have a taste (McKenna, 2000; Clement, 1981).     It Contains Meaning     The particular sensations experienced by a person are interpreted in a way that will give them meaning in terms of the person’s experience. For a person it is difficult to perceive or understand a thing or stimulus if he does not know it. Before one perceives a thing, he must be familiar with it first. A person attaches meaning to a thing he has knowledge of or is familiar with (McKenna, 2000; Clement, 1981)..     It is Adaptive or Subjective     When a person perceives a thing, he sees it according to his likes, desires, ambitions or beliefs. In other words, he suits his perception according to his likes, his feelings, his desires, and his beliefs (McKenna, 2000; Clement, 1981).. Factors Affecting or Influencing Perception     There are several factors to be considered to understand perception. These are the sense organs, intelligence, the emotions and feelings, culture, training, social factors, interests, attitudes and motives (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). The Role of the Senses     How a person interprets things or situations depends primarily upon his sense organs. Some senses are stronger than others. There are those who have a keen sense of smell; there are those with very poor eyesight. This may result in different perceptions of objects (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981).     Apparel to a person’s sense makes perception effective. This is illustrated in advertizing. The more senses advertizing appeals to the more lasting the impression is (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Culture     Culture influences our perception both directly and indirectly. Indirectly, because culture influences our personal needs and motives. Directly, because a person’s habits of looking at and interpreting things, objects, persons, and situations depend partly on his culture (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Training     Another factor of perception is training and conditioning. Training means the education and experience the individual gains in his life. It involves observing others and/or following instructions. The point is, what will happen in any particular situation and what will done by the people involved, will depend upon the past conditioning and training of the various individuals involved (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Social Factors     A person’s social experiences exert a strong influence on how he sees or interprets a situation, specially a social situation. In his contact with his family, friend, school or business associates his responses to situations are influenced by experiences with these social groups. In other words, his perception of situation depends upon his social interactions with people and society (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Emotions     Emotions influence one’s perception. A situation which appears â€Å"very bad†during a negative emotional moment often turns out to be â€Å"not bad after all†in a calmer moment. Our behavior is not only due to physiological causes but also to psychological causes. These psychological causes are partly due to an individual’s emotion (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Intelligence     When a person is intelligent, he does not only see objects as they are but interprets them in terms of beauty, uniqueness, and the efforts made behind the construction, in other words, he sees things in several dimensions (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Motives or Drives     A person’s motives, needs, desires and drives condition our perception. A salesman displays wares in his counter with the bodily or psychological needs or desires of the customers in mind. The customers’ attention will be attracted because of their personal motives (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Interests     Different individuals perceive the same object in varying ways influenced by their interests. A high school graduate may perceive a city as a place where he can further his studies. A businessman on the other hand, would see it as a good place for business, while an employee from a rural place would see as the place where he can get better play or salary (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Attitudes     The attitude of a person is a determining factor of perception. A favorable attitude toward an object or thing will make him see the object as a desirable thing (Landy, 1985; Baron, 1983; Clement, 1981). Reference: Baron, R. 1983. Behavior in Organizations: Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work, Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Clement, R.W. 1981. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Management Training. Human Resources Management. Vol. 20, pp.8-13. Halonen, Jane S., and John Santrock. Psychology: Contexts of behavior. 1996. Brown & Benchmark, USA, p. 280. Landy, F.J. 1985. Psychology of Work behavior. 3rd Ed. Dorsey Press. McKenna, Eugene, 2000. Business Psychology and Organizational Behavior: A Student’s Handbook. 3rd Ed. Psychology press: Taylor and Francis Group.  Â
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
Compare and contrast two transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Compare and contrast two transportation - Essay Example Today world has shrunk to a few hours when it comes to covering the distance from one country to another. Bearing the time factor in mind, air transportation is a perfect match to the needs and demands of businesses and corporations, as today time is held tantamount to money. On the contrary road transport that includes private and hired cars and other locomotives scores low in terms of time consumption. No matter how fast a car is, it has got to stop at traffic signals and has to make way for pedestrians, senior citizens and children. In terms of time saving air transport is definitely a must go, over road transport, for its capacity to efficiently commute from one place to another (Wensveen 48-52). Geographical barriers have become less significant by means of air transport as compared to the road transportation mode of commutation. Passengers experience a carefree flight from the country of origin to destination. The journey is usually short and pleasant one, depending up on the physical and mental state of the passenger. On the other hand road transport can be tedious, exhausting and sometimes mind halting (Wensveen 48-52). The presence of geographical boundaries and jurisdiction, road transportation is of limited utility and thus limits the options available to the traveler. As compared to air transport, road transportation provides opportunity to the traveler to explore the world of nature and experience different cultures. From a tourist’s perspective road transport shall provide something that is unmatched to the air transport experience. Road transport provides the traveler with an opportunity to explore the world and learn cultures. As a tourist moves from one place to another via road transport, it gives him ample opportunity to explore the world and experience the change and richness of life as a firsthand experience. This experience and exposure
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Ruger Clinic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Ruger Clinic - Essay Example There are various advantages of cost volume profit analysis which medical or health care industry can exploit to become more efficient at analyzing different levels of activity. It can then use the optimal activity level to increase its profitability. Hence we can say that cost volume profit analysis can be used to enhance the profitability of the health care industry. A medical company which is diversified in various different operation or have different departments can use it to see if operating on a large scale will be more efficient and whether or not it is worth putting more time and effort into the business. Similarly, there are chances that fixed are less than variable costs for a department. However, this will be only visible after CVP analysis, whether or not we can start a new department, it is feasible or not. Hence, a medical company will have to use CVP analysis to look at the profitability of a new department if they plan to diversify its services. As we know that moder n machinery is pervading the health care industry, a lot of investment needs to be done. Hence, this implies long-term commitment with specialized labor (doctors, surgeon, support staff etc) which means heavy burden of costs on a firm. However, CVP analysis is a toll that can be used by these firms to assess how long it will be before they will be able to cover their costs and start making profit. This is important when you have more than one alternative, and you look CVP to choose the best option, where cost recovery is fast and profit-making potential is highest. Similarly, there are various assumptions that we have to make when we go about doing CVP analysis. One such assumption is that fixed remain constant. This may not be true, but it is easier for managers in the field of health care to plan ahead, and as discussed above, it may help them to choose the best alternative. Machinery improves efficiency, and medical-service managers can use it to convince their manager or investo r to attract investment by showing them CVP results. Capitation is a fixed flat payment made to a health-care services provider for providing service to a particular segment or defined population. These payments are made on per capita basis that is calculation is done on per-person basis and are made monthly or as the contract states. The three most widely used methods of capitation are fee-for-service, cost and demographic approach. In the fee-for-service approach, the revenue line is mostly upward sloping. It starts from zero as when there is zero level of activity, there is no revenue for the health-care service provider, but it goes up with the level of activity. The higher the number of people to whom service is provided, the greater the revenue. In the cost approach, rather than a fixed fee is charged, the company charges total costs that are incurred in providing health care services, and then that fee is charged to the client. This approach can be referred as "pay for all approach and was very common in traditional capitation payments. In demographic capitation, pharmacists are only responsible or contract to provide their services to people of specific age, gender and geographic location. This is done to buffer them from unexpected disease found in particular demographic group and to make sure that they do not suffer as a
Monday, August 26, 2019
Article response about architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Article response about architecture - Essay Example ansion and growth of American commercial life encouraged broader spectrum of American people to relocate into suburban cities or communities after the bloody world war. From 1949 to 19955, the American suburban societies grew by forty percent in contrast to general population growth of 10%. At an amazing pace, the futuristic mass built and highways and well-equipped home appliances that had been dreamt of during the New York Global Fair in 1940 had become a real (Cohen 1055). The topic focused on the transformation and reconstruction of American suburban life after the war from 1947 to 19991. In addition, it presents a clear picture of how American suburban population grew after some families opted to move out of town and start new life in suburban communities. The restructuring and reconfiguration of consumer marketplace led to transformation of suburban residential places. The article asserts that during the 1920, merchandisers and business people in America had desired to live in a motorized and developed society. After the war, this dream was changing into realty in the sense that as consumers became autonomous, they encountered new problems that one had predicted. For instance, every American used to drive a situation that caused traffic snarl up since developing towns had little pace to accommodate the increasing population (Cohen 1059). 20. Most Interesting Passage (single quotation of 100-300 words, plus page citationâ€â€or series of up to three shorter quotations, same aggregate word-count, plus page citation) plus a brief comment as to why this passage(s) is interesting to you It was interesting to learn that when planner and town developers dreamt to construct a consumer oriented center in 19950, they aimed to perfect the idea of downtown despite the fact that their project challenged the feasibility of existing commercial towns such as Hackensack in Bergen County (Cohen 1061). I found it interesting because it is not easy to imagine that during the
Critical Thinking Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Critical Thinking - Term Paper Example This culminates a lifetime series of gift exchanges between the father’s clan and the child. The newborn’s first three months are spent on a cradleboard in a supine position (as cited in Honigmann, 1961). Afterwards, the cradleboard is used only as a sleeping place. Finally, the cradle is discarded between six months and one year. Around two years of age, the child finds weaning with ease. Gradually, cleanliness or hygiene is taught to the child. The matrilocal household acts as the â€Å"agent of socialization†for boys up to age six and for girls virtually throughout their youth. Five-year-old Hopi children are more relaxed and carefree compared to the older Hopi children. Boys attain freedom by breaking away from the matrilocal-household family around five years of age (as cited in Honigmann, 1961). In this period, they spend more time in the fields, on the range, and in a religious structure known as kiva. The character of the early Hopi life is generally permissive (as cited in Honigmann, 1961). However, the limitation of their freedom lies in the interest of their bodily safety. Contrary to girls, the adjustment of boys to such restriction or limitation is quite difficult. This can be revealed through their reaction or behavior: to name two, thumb-sucking and temper tantrum (as cited in Honigmann, 1961). The underlying reason here is the difference of freedom given to boys and girls. Hopi boys are socially permitted to break away from their family while Hopi girls are confined within the walled house. The role of girls is restricted to staying close to home in performing their household tasks. Eventually, young men will marry and assume a â€Å"marginal position†(as cited in Honigmann, 1961). Women, on the other hand, will remain in their mother’s house even after marriage. Transition from childhood to youth is marked by the initiation of â€Å"Kachina cult†(a s
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Do older tourists to Bulgarian coastal resorts (Sunny Beach) Coursework
Do older tourists to Bulgarian coastal resorts (Sunny Beach) participate in more varied activities than their younger counterparts do - Coursework Example Sunny beach has is full of varied facilities like shopping malls, aqua parks, swimming pools, parks, hotels, and pedestrian roads. These facilities provide social amenities to the visiting tourists. While working on our primary research in Sunny Beach, the research identified many activities that people do there e.g. water skiing, swimming, wakeboarding, spa in recreational facilities like hotels, shopping, cycling, working out in fitness center, among others. A team of five student researchers conducted the research on 12 and 13 January 2012. The researching student team did a survey using questionnaires, tabulated the collected data, and made their observation for the research.Climatic factors usually influence tourism activities. Usually, tourist like going for summer holidays, taking a break from adverse weather conditions back in their homeland. The location of Sunny Beach on the Bulgarian map (Figure 2) indicates that it is on the eastern part of Bulgaria, which is a coast of w estern side of the Black sea. The map shows a strategic location for Sunny Beach because it boarders countries like Greece, Turkey, and Russia etc. Moreover, it is very important to look at price range in Sunny beach in Bulgaria. Many tourists find the prices competitive and would wish to leverage on the low prices compared to other black sea resorts like Varna, Bodrumq, Batumi and, Sochi among others. Hypothesis: a) Elderly people (tourists) participate in many activities than younger people do. The primary focus is the amount of activities not how intensively they do it. b) Male tourists participate in more activities than female tourists do. c) Most tourists visiting Sunny Beach are below sixty five years Aim: The aim was to evaluate the hypothesis with a focus on the topic of the field study. Further, to relate the research report with geographical aspects such as demographic distribution, climatic conditions, and tourism. Methods of investigation: A team of five students interv iewed various tourists in various hotels along the Sunny Beach. The intention of the field study was to evaluate the participation of tourists in various activities. This method of investigation gave us primary information, which reflects the real picture of events taking place in the Sunny Beach. The information collected would help in evaluating the hypothesis of the study. Questionnaire development: Factors such as objective of research, uniformity of the data, population of the research area, area of study (study topics), and time influenced the choice of study method (Jackson 59). In order to come up with uniform study, the five students researching decided to use a questionnaire. Questionnaires provides object questions of the study, saves time and provides a
Saturday, August 24, 2019
Women and Economics during Colonial America and Before and After Essay - 1
Women and Economics during Colonial America and Before and After American Revolution - Essay Example That writing reflects the struggles, anguishes and the tragedies within her family, local scandals and her viewpoint of the politics. The story raises question about the scenario of the colonial America. That makes us interested to examine the social and economic role of the women in colonial America, and the change in pattern of the society and the emerging role of female in social and economic perspective1. (Ulrich, 1991) In the colonial period of America, especially the mid and late 17th century the women of America used to lead monotonous lives full of work and duties. The women from the poorer families had to take less workload than the women belonging to the wealthier families2. The matter of fact is that the society used to evaluate the work of a woman according to their contribution to their own family3. (Courtney, and Ranger, 1999; Eldridge, 1997, p.62) As the British had colonized America the American society followed the social customs and rituals of the British society. The males of the families had to perform the out home duties such as earning, farming etc. On the other hand their female counterpart had to engage themselves in household chores such as cooking, child breeding, childcare, home decorating, housekeeping etc. The hardworking wives were granted the rank of goodwives. Those who performed the activities such as caring domestic animals and vegetable gardens, producing unique delic ious foods, stitching clothes, producing candles, soaps for home consumption etc could get the mark of excellence from their husbands and relatives as good women4. (Wightman Fox, Richard and Robert B. Westbrook, 1002, p.125; DuBois, and Dumenil, 2005, p. 77) The women used to form the networks of female friends and the relatives (obviously female) regarding the household duties. Through the network formation they used to make some exchanges
Friday, August 23, 2019
The Palace of King Minos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
The Palace of King Minos - Essay Example An Antiquarian and Numismatist, Sir Evans contracted my assistance on the project toward historiographic documentation of his work, and that of Duncan MacKenzie whom will provide oversight on the forthcoming archaeological excavation. Inspired by the work of one of my colleagues, Heinrich Schliemann and his discovery of the royal tomb at Mycenae in 1876, Sir Evans has made numerous trips to Crete and the site at Knossos since the first encounter in 1894. In the Ancient Minoan period, the great palace is not only a royal residence but also the center of administration for the broader agrarian and maritime economies of the island. The site of exchange for governance of Cretan society, and locus of power in communiqu with other seafaring cultures of antiquity, the Palace of King Minos was to become my greatest resource for inquiry into to ancient civilization. While I had spent time following others like Schliemann around the Mediterranean in writing about the development of Bronze Age cultures, nowhere was I enlightened to the human spirit and its potential for inculcating both equity and whimsy into a praxis of leadership. Unlike the hierarchies of the Ancient Egypt Egyptian Kingdoms of the same period, Crete main tained a separate culture that could very well be the precursor to democratic monarchies of the modern period. Six Months later . . .How does a historian go about constructing an adequate chronological framework for such a site as we are uncovering We have been toiling at our work endlessly as Mr. MacKenzie and his crew of local workers dig, dust and classify the bronze statuary from both Crete, and the surrounding Mediterranean, the vast amount of clay pottery, and even shards of ivory and other foreign materials from as far away as East Africa that are so indicative of the world of abundant trade that the Minoans engaged. The robustness of their culture and especially successful economic trade with other civilizations, attests to the high standard of living that the culture enjoyed well beyond what might have been expected in Europe even one hundred years ago. We have decided upon a Chronology for the Minoan Bronze Age which is now determined to be three periods: Early, Middle and Late Minoan (em, mm, lm). Subdivision of the periods has been classified according to noticeable shifts in pott ery styles. Late Minoan pottery: (a) conical rhyton, h. 325 mm, from Gournia, Room C58, lm ib; (b) ovoid rhyton, Marine style, h. c. 240 mm, from Palaikastro, lm ib; (c) bridge-spouted jar, Special Palatial tradition, Floral style, h. 165 mm, from Knossos, lm ib; (d) 'Ephyraean' goblet, h. 150 mm, from the Temple Tomb, Knossos, lm ii; (e) jar, Palace style, h. 850 mm, from Knossos, lm ii-iiia:1 (all Herakleion, Archaeological Museum); (f) stirrup jar, Close style, h. 105 mm, from a tomb at Tourloti, lm iiic (Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology).iMuch effort has gone into geographic analysis of the site, and interpretation of planning that is an obvious precursor to Roman topographic renderings available to us today. The Palace at Knossos is to our best estimation 1300 BC. The
Thursday, August 22, 2019
How American football works Essay Example for Free
How American football works Essay Football, also known as American football, is a team game that combines strategy and physical play. The object of football is to advance the ball up the field by running and passing the ball, and scoring a touchdown by crossing the ball into the end zone. Professional football, high school football, and college football are all highly popular spectator sports in the United States. Football History Football originated from a primitive game of rugby played in America in the 1840s. In 1880, Walter Camp, considered the Father of American Football, exchanged the traditional rugby scrum for a line of scrimmage. In 1882, the four down system was introduced to negate Princeton and Yales strategy to hold the ball without trying to score. The following year, Camp reduced the number of players to eleven, and introduced the seven-man offensive line, with a quarterback, two halfbacks, and a full back. The first professional game was played in 1895. The National Football League (NFL) began in the early 1920s. Today, football is one of the most popular sports in the United States. Football Rules Football is played by two teams, with eleven players from each team on the field at a time. A football field is 120 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide, including a field of 100 yards and two end zones of ten yards each. A game of football consists of four 12-15 minute quarters, depending on the level of play. The game begins with a coin toss. The winning team gets to decide if they would like to receive the ball, or which end of the field they would like to defend in the first half. One team then kicks the ball to the other team. A kick off occurs at the beginning of each half, and after every score. The team that takes control of the ball has four attempts, called downs, in which to advance the ball ten yards. When the offense succeeds in gaining ten yards they receive a new set of downs. If the offensive team fails to gain ten yards after four plays, the other team gets possession of the ball. The ball is put into play by a snap, where the center passes the ball between his legs to the quarterback. The quarterback then has the option to throw or run the ball. Once the quarterback passes the line of scrimmage (an imaginary line across the field from where the ball was snapped), they can no longer throw the ball forward. A down ends when: The player with the ball is tackled to the ground, or has their forward motion stopped by the opposing team; A pass is thrown out of bounds or hits the ground; The ball or player with the ball goes out of bounds; A team scores. An official blows their whistle to signal that a down is over. A change of possession occurs when: A team fails to gain ten yards after four plays; A team kicks the ball off after a score, or at the beginning of a half; A team chooses to punt the ball; A player from the defensive team catches a pass in the air (interception); An offensive player drops the ball after displaying they had possession and a defensive player recovers it (fumble). After a kickoff, punt, interception, or fumble, the ball is live, and the team gaining possession can run with the ball up field. A touchdown is worth six points. A team scores a touchdown when a player runs into or catches a pass in the opponents end zone. After scoring a touchdown, a team has the option to attempt an extra point by trying to kick the ball through the upright. Teams can elect to go for two points and attempt to drive the ball into the end zone on one play, starting from the two or three yard line (depending on level of play). A team scores a field goal, worth three points, by kicking the ball over the crossbar and through the goal posts. A team scores a safety, worth two points, if an opposing player is downed in the end zone. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins. Football Tips Good football players are agile. Agility drills include: jumping rope, running through tires, and jumping over cones. There are a variety of lesser contact versions of Football available. Tackle Football is the sport practiced by major professional leagues such as the NFL, but flag football and touch football are varieties that allow the player to be tackled by either touching with two hands or pulling a piece of ribbon or flag off the opposing player. This also allows for Co-ed or womens teams to engage without fear of injury. Football Equipment Football requires each player to have a helmet, shoulder pads, football pants, cleats, and a mouth guard. The game is played with a spheroid shape leather ball. A football is 11 inches long and 22 inches in circumference in the middle.
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
The Shoe-Horn Sonata Essay Example for Free
The Shoe-Horn Sonata Essay John Misto, the person behind the play The Shoe-Horn Sonata, uses his distinctively visual text as a memorial for the Australian Army nurses who died in the war, as they were refused one by the government. â€Å"I do not have the power to build a memorial. So I wrote a play instead. †This drama illustrates the way the women were treated in the Japanese prisoner of war camps, during World War II through the two main characters Bridie – an Australian army nurse and Sheila – an English woman. The different dramatic techniques used in this play aid in the manipulation of the audience’s emotions and sway the preconceptions of the group. Misto utilises projected images and the emotive dialogue to create a vivid image in the viewer’s mind that is both distinctively visual and evokes emotions from the audience. Misto is not the only author to have used this technique in his work, John Schumann’s I Was Only 19 is a song that also features distinctively visual elements throughout the song. This text explores the conditions of the Vietnam war and the effect it has afterwards on someone as young as nineteen and has a similar purpose to Misto’s, to expose the terrible conditions of war and the effect it had and is still having on them today. Schumann uses intense emotive language to influence the listener’s opinion on war and draw attention to the conditions prisoners of war face. The Shoe-Horn Sonata digs deep into the readers mind and challenges their thoughts on the way they perceive injustices been done to the memory of the nurses, and of the thousands of other women and children who suffered with them. Misto is able to do this by projecting images onto a screen in the background. â€Å"Projected onto the screen is a photograph of row upon row of captured British and Australian women bowing to the Japanese. These images contribute to the creation of a physical, distinctively visual element in the drama. The confronting images shown forces the audience to reconsider their understanding of the prisoner of war camps in Japan. The audience begins to visualise the conditions the women faced and this leaves an impact on the viewer. Through this, Misto is able to convey his message to his audience through the distin ctively visual images, not only projected on the screen, but shaped in the viewer mind. Although Misto only intended to expose the injustices that had been done to the women’s memory, he has revealed the effect the war had on them and the aftermath of the camps. Misto brings to light the influence the camps had on the women involved in the war. â€Å"She stole every sheet and towel in her room – once she found out the Japanese own this place. †In this quote it is obvious that the women have still not recovered from the traumatic experience in the camp and still feel livid towards the Japanese. The distinctively visual dialogue is enough for the viewer to visualise the event taking place. The fact that the prisoners of war still feel resentment towards the Japanese suggests to the audience that the things they went through must have been worse than the responder originally assumed. The distinctively visual scene allows Misto to manipulate his audiences thinking, this emphasises the injustices that have been done to the women’s memory as the audience begins to realise the damage done to the women, mentally. The Shoe-Horn Sonata continues to battle the audience’s preconceptions of the prisoner of war camps in Japan by using stage directions as a medium for further exposing the effect the war had on its prisoners in Japan. The final scene Bride and Sheila finally feel free after over fifty years. â€Å"Bridie and Sheila are confidently dancing and the theatre is filled with Srauss’ music. It is the music of joy and triumph and survival. †As the two are dancing, triumphant music begins to play emphasising in the viewers mind that after all the years of fear and uncertainty, they finally feel free and confident again. The distinctively visual dancing reinforces the idea that they are free and dancing is a way of expressing your freedom. Misto was even able to, in his stage directions; convey the drama’s purpose through distinctively visual elements. John Schumann’s I Was Only 19 is abundant with different examples of how the distinctively visual conveys the author’s purpose. Schumann uses strong emotive language to produce a distinctively visual image in the reader’s mind. â€Å"And the Anzac legends didn’t mention mud and blood and tears,†the egative connotations attached to the words â€Å"mud†, â€Å"blood†, and â€Å"tears†contrasts with the idea of the Anzac legends, which has a positive connotations. These ideas contrast forcing the reader to reassess their thoughts on the Anzac legends and how they affected the Anzacs during and after the war. The emotive words create a distinctively visual image in the readers mind as they vi sualise the mud-covered jungles of Vietnam and the pain (blood) and suffering (tears) the Anzacs went through. Schumann is able to form a distinctively visual image using only strong emotive language, and he uses this technique to convey the purpose of his song. I Was Only 19 includes many more examples of how Schumann uses distinctively visual language to convey his message. â€Å"And night time’s just a jungle dark and a barking M16? †The emotive word â€Å"dark†creates a distinctively visual image of a dark, dangerous jungle which also incorporates an almost life-like sound of an M16 firing in the background. This image is formed from the powerful emotion in the language and the imagery it creates. As the viewer pictures the dark jungle, they are confronted with the idea that an actual person had fallen into that unfortunate situation and this is what Schumann wants his readers to reflect on, the idea that someone had to experience those conditions for years. Schumann is hopefully able to evoke sympathy in the reader for the soldiers that were in Vietnam. The distinctively visual imagery aids in the creation of this process. John Misto and John Schumann both have a message they want to get out to the world. They may be similar but they both are just as important as the other. These composers are trained in using language and dramatic techniques to manipulate the audience’s emotions and persuading them to think what they wanted them to think, which in this case, is to spread the story of the women nurses in prisoner of war camps and how this affected them and the Vietnam veterans, including their mental and physical diseases. They have successfully done this, using distinctively visual elements in their texts.
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
The Social Benefits Of Education
The Social Benefits Of Education Education has been considered an investment value. Those who acquire additional schooling generally earn more over their lifetimes, achieve higher level of employment, and enjoy more satisfying careers. It also enable people to more fully enjoy life, appreciate literature and culture and be more socially involved citizens. Private returns to education refer to the benefits received by the individual who acquires additional schooling. These include economic benefits such as higher lifetime earnings, lower level of unemployment, and greater job satisfaction, improve health and longevity. Social returns refer to positive or possibly negative consequences that accrue to individuals other than the indivudal or family making the decision. About how much schooling to acquire. These are the benefits not taken into account by the decision-maker. II. Rationales for Government involvement In Post Secondary Education Efficiency gains result in an increase in societys total output of goods and services, and thus allow achievement of higher average living standards Equity considerations relate not to the average standards of living but how societys total output is distributed among citizens. Second argument to intervention is that in the absence of interventions such as student loan programs individuals who might benefit from higher education but who do not have the financial resources to finance the investment are typically unable to use their potential human capital as collateral for loan.. The talent of the population may not be fully utilized and the total output of goods and services may fall short of its potential. Both of these efficiency rationales involve a potential market failure. The first arises because of positive external benefits associated with education -social benefits that exceed private benefits. The second arises because of a failure in credit market that results in some individuals being unable to finance productive investments. III. Estimating Private and Social Returns to Education Education is one of the best predictors of success in the labour market. More educated workers earn higher wages, have greater earnings growth over their lifetimes, experience less unemployment and work longer Higher education is also associated with higher longer life expectancy, better health and reduced participation in crime. According to human capital theory, schooling raises earnings because it enhances workers skills thus making employees more productive and more valuable to employers. III. Social Returns to Education positive or possibly negative consequences that accrue to individuals other than the indivudal or family making the decision. About how much schooling to acquire. These are the benefits not taken into account by the decision-maker. A. Innovation, knowledge creation and economic growth new growth theory: emphasizes the contribution of knowledge creation and innovation in fostering advances in living standards over time.. education plays an important role in economic growth . knowledge creation and innovation respond to economic incentives, and thus can be influenced by public policy. The education and skill formation systems play an important role in fostering innovation and advancing knowledge. There are 3 main dimensions to this role related to research function of educational institutions esp. universities can be an important source of new ideas. Accgd. To this perspective the human capital of the workforce is a crucial factor facilitating the adoption of new and more productive technologies. Human capital of the workforce is a crucial factor facilitating the adoption of new and more productive technologies. The transfer of knowledge function msut be reflected to the returns to education. Those receiving educ will become more prodictive and thus more valuable to the employers. Post sec educ in oecd countries is relatively more important than with primary and secondary educ in developing countries B. Knowledge spillovers Static knowledge spillovers arise if more education raises not only the productivity of those receinvg the education but alos the productivity of those they work with and interact with. Jacobs argue that cities are engine of growth bec they facilitate the exchange of ideas esp. between entrepreneurs and managers Such knowledge spillovers can take place thorugh the echange of ideas, imitation and learning by doing C. Non-market effects of education Other forms of benefits other than higher wages or non-wage benefits from working. This includes improved onw health or child dev. private in nature and thus may be taken into account by individuals in cjoosing the amount of educ to acquire. Authors find considerable impact of educ on a wide variety of non-0market and social benefits even after controlling income, age, health and race. This includes effect of wifes schooling on husband earnings effect of parents educ on child outcomes (intergenerational effects): education, cognitive ability, health and fertility choices effect of educ on own health and spouse health effect of educ on consumer choice efficiency, labour market etc effect of educ on charitable giving and volunteeractivity higher ave of educ levels in the community lower school dropout rates of children D. Intergenerational effect parents education has strong effects on children, resulting in large intergenerational effects parental educ on a number of child outcomes including higher parental educ is associated with lower fertility via increased efficiency of contraception as well as via raising the age of both marriage and first pregnancy. The resulting of lower pop growth is positive for economic growth in dev countires incidence of teenage childbearing is much higher for children of less educated parents child abuse and neglect are also associarted with parents educ high parental educ more subs family investments in children , loer criminal propensities , improved child health children of less educated poarents generally cost more to educate intergenerational benefits of educ to society: lower educ cost, less ue of foster care and juvenile diversion, lower crime, lower heakth cost and lower dependence on welfare transfers E. Health and longeivity child health is posivitve related to parents educ results to superior health behaviors: reduced smoking, more exercise and low incidence of heavy drinking educ people adopt newer drugs due to ability to learn and more info thus educ leads to better health F. Criminal Activity high educ levels may lower crime byb raising wage rates, which increase the opportunity cost of crime lower crime rates G. Civic participation correlation between educ and voting is high . higher educ is also associated with greater charitable giving and volunteerism trust and participation educ raises the quality of peoples involvement in the society H. Tax and transfer returns more educ are less likely to return on public transfers wven when elgivible for benefits FLEMISH EDUCATION, BETWEEN MERTIOCRACY AND EGALITARANISM By: Ides Nicaise I. A Century of Reforms- without much success social inequality in education still exist in flanders compulsory educ until the age of 18 90s began with an experimentation on positive discrimination schools with a large number of pupils from underprivileged groups (immigrants, disadvantaged pupils) received additional funding What is lacking is a clear choice in favour of a more egalitarian of educ Two Basic Views of Equality Meritocracy Egalitarianism Both visions to a certain extent share the same concern: out an end to the unjustified passing on of power , prestige, and wealth based on a persons descent. Allocation of social positions should no longer be ascribed to individuals based on their origins (the principle of ascription), rather these positions should be acquired based on achievement Every member of society should regardless of social origin have the same opportunities to prove himself Meritocracy an ideology of equal opportunities .. and unequal treatment Principle of individual merit which boils down to a combination of talent and effort False justice theory, results in a disguised reproduction of the existing inequalities Tony Blair- ambition to make his country a meritocratic society. Nederlands and Sweden were the first to achieve the higest stage of a meritocratic educ society Social positions to be distribuited on the basis of merit (talent and effort) The existing social inequality can essentially be explained by three set of factors innate abilities genetically determined social background- transfer of matrial assets, social networks, and cultural capital. This is regarded as unfair ; these are the mechanisms that have to be eliminated as much as possible , eg by the provision of free and freely accessible educ. Accdg. To meritocratic thinking, society is not responsible for the two other sets of factors. Innate ability (for the time being) a question of coincidence, personal effect-responsibility of every individual personal preferences and effort opposed to the social transfer of power and prosperity, but inequality exists in merit . the merit talent . it is implicitly assumed that tlents are purely randomly distributed among the pop. And tehrfore have nothing to do with social origins The meritocratic recipe for educ can be summarized in 3 major principles everyone must have equal access to education according to innate ability . equal opportunities : opportunities refer to coincidental factor which is not within our power and which helps determine the outcomes of educ and future social pos. The aim is not therefore equal outcomes, but a particular distribution of possible outcomes which are unrelated to a persons social background equal access educ is not unconditional. Everyone should have access to educ accdg to his innate ability. It is accepted that not everyone gains access to the same extent to a given level or type of educ. Specifically, financial obstacles in education will have to be eliminated as much as possible but that admission tests or intelligence tests can be accepted a legitimate selection criteria. Unequal treatment of individuals based on merit is regarded as legitimate. In other words it is accepted that more is invested in persons who display a greater innate ability and or more personal effort. . moral to economic interà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ regarded as fair community invest more resources in people with more talent, perhaps they have merited this, but bec they are expected to contribute more in the future to collective prosperity to those who have shall be given inequality based on social background will disappear if the two previous principles are consistently applied Principle of equal opportunites has been translated into compulsory education and free educ. Compulsory educ is a way of legally limiting parents freedom of choice regarding educational participation Second principle- differential treatment accdg to talent and effort, forms the counterbalance to this mildness at the entrance gate . Flemish educ is extremely selective and achievement -oriented What is wrong with meritocracy? John Goldthorpe inherited talents are in no way an element of merit and as a result the ethical justification for this social model is immediately negated Dick pels- adds a number of arguments to demonstrate that even on a labour market regarded as competitive and meritocratic Youn- meritocracy in its most perfect form eventually leads to a new type of class-based society Egalitarianism: a relic from the communist era? Egalitarianism is the basic percepts of human rights, ie the equal dignity and freedom of people The right of educ may not depend on the talents of an individual but is, to a certain extent, an absolute right Absolute rights do indeed apply to basic goods John Rawls- people will agree that distribution of basic goods must be strictly egalitarian and may not be dependent on something like talents, precisely bec. Talents are unearned Inequalities that contribute to an improvement in the position of the poorest citizens gradation differences exist within egalitarianism: at the level of elem educ., it refers to equal outomes (a level that everyone should attain), at the higher level- equal opportunities The emphasis on equal outcomes (elem and sec) forms a second critical area of difference bet. Egalitarianism and meritocracy. Amartya Sen emphasis the basic right is only effective if the result is achieved, not if it is written down in law. This means that authorities bear the responsibility for guaranteeing the implementation of basic rights for all. Principle of positive discrimination- priority given to disadvantage Egalitarianism implicitly assumes that equal outcomes are possible. Students in the primary and sec levels are in the position to achieve the targets Traces of egalitarianism in Flemish educ: attainment targets in guaranteeing pupils with the same min skill level remains limited. Study grants from merit.. to egalitarian vision Trojan Horse of the Lower Classes Protagonist of greater equality are not infrequently accused but face with some questions: A society cannot consist solely of university graduates . labour market also needs semi-skilled workers. . the egalitatain base refers to basic education. equal outcomes can be interpreted in 2 ways: strict def.: same target level is applied for every individual , broader def. accepts certain variation in individuals. In other words, individual differences are tolerated but the average outcomes among children from various social environments must be equalized resistnace to egalitarianism: postivie discrimination in favour of the underprivileged groups could be flipside of negative discrimination against them (white person with high score over black with low score- black gets priorty- contest educ is not a zero sum game in which better outcomes for one group are achived at the expense of poore results for another group. The key is to adapt reform and strategies that more equal outcomes go hand in hand with a sin-win sit for every one (ex. R3educed referral to SPED Educational Strategies for disadvantaged youth in 6 European countries By : I. Nicaise Intro Gen. level of educ is increased but has demonstrated that in most countries inequality is passed on unrelentingly .. social exclusion Social Equality in Education Current educ system filters, segregates and reproduces social inequality Dream of democratic educ sys- the dream of equal opportunites and unhindered social mobility. Everyone is entitled to benefit to a resonalbe extent from their education . Whether consciously or not, many harbour meritocratic view of education, it is assumed that everyone has equal opportunites but equal porofit is certainly not an aim because aaacdg to the theory, the unequal benefit from educ merely reflects the efforts and talents of each individual . As Goldthrope demosntatres, meritocratic ideology expliclty perceives unequal educational outcomes as fair. .. it hastily passess over the issue of the unequal socity in which education is rooted A priori opportunities are not equal and unequal outcomes are not fair 2. Equal Opportunity Strategies Integrated approach to poverty, inequality and social exc
Farmer, Political Boss, and Immigrant Essay -- American History
Farmer, Political Boss, and Immigrant Various people from the late nineteenth century held diverse opinions on political issues of the day. The source of this diversity was often due to varying backgrounds these people experienced. Three distinct groups of people are the farming class, the political bosses, and the immigrants, who poured into the country like an unstoppable flood. These groups of people also represented the social stratification of the new society, which had just emerged from rapid industrialization. These three groups had large differences in many aspects such as power, amount of money, and influence in political events of the day. The political boss dominated local city governments and pretended to be Robin Hoods of industrial society, but in reality were just petty thieves, attempting to earn large sums of money. The men involved in agricultural work were in a precarious situation. They experienced countless forms of natural disasters that constantly beset them and made it a formidable task to grow crops in such a hostile environment. Crops sold for ridiculously low amounts of money, and subsistence was a challenge, a challenge that many failed to overcome. The immigrants faced some of the greatest obstacles out of any class at the time. They were discriminated against by the â€Å"native-born†Americans and had to face sharp ethnic prejudice. Many immigrants were unskilled laborers and nearly all lived in poverty. These three diverse groups lived very differently from each other and held diverse views on important issues of the time period. The new emerging modes of thought contributed to the rise of new political organizations, such as the People’s or Populist party. The farmers faced tremendous... ...rked as unskilled laborers in the new factories. Most were poor, disgruntled, and found that America was not what they had expected when they left their native countries. The city bosses provided aid to these immigrants and then gained their political support. They unfairly took advantages of the immigrants to gain power, which helped them to gain the money they were seeking. The immigrants had a difficult life because most of them were crowded into ghettos and slums. They received low wages and faced dangerous and unhealthy working conditions daily. Concentration increased and living quarter size proportionately decreased. The immigrants experienced poor sanitation and contagious diseases and most did not have any plumbing or ventilation. They had a difficult and sad life, and many were more happy in their oppressive homelands than industrialized America.
Monday, August 19, 2019
Free Narrative Essays - The Mountain Vacation :: Personal Narrative Essays
The Mountain Vacation       My family and I have always loved are camping trips, especially the ones the take us deep into the depths of the Sierra Nevada mountians. There's a very unique and beautiful camp ground near Mammoth Lakes called Devils Postpile. My is it beautiful, two gigantic crystal clear lakes, wildlife sites that could easily be posted in any National Geographic magazine, and trout that have enough meat on their bones to suvive in the deepest of any ocean. One little problem I always have had was that my father was a better and more experienced fisherman than I was resulting in that he would always catch the bigger and more beautiful fish and almost certainly come home with twice as many fish as I had caught.      This was it, are summer vacation, finally it was time to get out of the intense heat and bordom of Ridgecrest. We packed are bags, grabbed are fishing poles, loaded the camper and were on are way.  Our drive lasted for four very long hours before we got to the Postpile campground. We hitched are camp and made ourselves right at home knowing we would be there for a while. We could'nt ask for better weather, the sun was blazin and the temperature was an awesome 85 degrees for fishing the San Juaqin river. We found ourselves the trail that lead to the postpile, twisting and turning along the green, damp trial until we came upon a sight that every human being should lay their eyes on, Devils Postpile. Enormous rocks all rubbing against one another scalling the sky. Jumping my way close to the river, as I drifted away from everyone else, knowing I was going to catch the mother of all fish in this sacred river. Competing with my father and brother, I definetly was'nt going to let them outdo this modern day Tom Sawyer. I hicked along river for a while, wiping the sweat off my face every other minute, only to find nothing but sheer cliffs and there was no possible fishing hole in sight. All I could see was a river about seventy to eighty feet below with one very big obsticle in the way jagged rocks were surrounding me from the river as I just kept on
Sunday, August 18, 2019
car accident :: essays research papers
Traumatic events come in many different ways at many different times of ones life. Mine came on the school bus while I was on my way home from school. The bus had stopped to let a couple kids off and I stood up to throw some trash away. I stood up we were rear ended by a young lady who had been trying to get a bee out of the car and not realized the bus had stopped. I was standing up and the impact caused me to bang into the seat in front of me and the one behind me. I didn’t realize what had happened until moments later when someone said something. As I began to sit down I felt a sharp pain shoot through my body and my heart started to beat rapidly.      The accident made me realize that nothing is for certain and you shouldn’t take anything for granted. I had always viewed riding a school bus has something that wouldn’t put me in danger, after all the drivers are trained professionals, right? What I never considered was the actions of others and how complete strangers can change your life in a bigger and more significant way than some of the people closes to you. I had never really considered dying at a young age because my grandparents lived to be old. After that bus ride home my outlook on life was severely changed and I started to appreciate my parents more an tell them I loved them a lot more often because wasn’t sure if we’d both be around to say it the next time.      The car accident will always be a major moment in my life because of what it showed me. That accident gave me visual proof that God has a plan for everyone and everything has a reason or hidden message. Just when I was coming to a point in my life where I was beginning to see where I fit in at school, it reminded me to cherish every moment has though it was my last, because I don’t know when it’ll be over.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Marketing Smoke Out Essay
Many products have been sold in the market offering to stop a smoker from smoking. However, many of these products have failed. The main reason is that the body has been addicted to nicotine. Thus, the body craves for a stick and a stick and a stick and a stick and so on and so forth of cigarette to quench the body’s desire for the deadly nicotine. The following paragraphs explains how the new product Smoke out will finally fill the smokers’ desire to stop their smoking habit dead in its tracks. a. What is the product name? Describe the product. 2 pts. The new product is smoke out. The product looks like a real cigarette stick. At one end of the cigarette has drawn to look like it has been lighted. And, at the other is a cigarette butt that feels like the real cigarette but. The cigarette butt which enters the smokers’ mouth has been filled with medicine. This medicine tastes and smells like a real cigarette smoke. However, The best advantage about this cigarette is that the smoker does not cut his habit of smoking entirely. For, he continues to smoke the smoke out in order to comply with his habit of smoking. Only, this time, a non smoking medicine is swallowed by the cigarette and cigar smokes that smells and tastes like smoke but the medicine actually mixes with the smoker’s blood and neutralizes the nicotine that is already in the smokers’ body. For, nicotine is an addictive chemical that sparks the human body’s craving to smoke another cigar or cigarette. For, many people have developed this smo king habit many years back. And they feel that stopping the smoking habit is a gargantuan task (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 1). B1. Explain how you are segmenting the market. 5 pts. The market segment is the smoking public. This segment includes people who smoke from the earliest possible age to the oldest possible age. Also, this segment includes all the male and female genders. Likewise, this segment includes all smokers in the all economic classes. Meaning the poor, the rich, the averagely rich and the extremely rich and buy this new product out in the market called Smoke out. In addition, this product will be sold to people of all religions. This product will zoom in to the African American customers, the White Americans, the Americans of European descent, the Americans of East Asian descent, the Americans of East. Likewise, the market segment will include the Mexicans, the Canadians, the South American descent. The above segment will be implemented in order not be branded as a discriminator of customers. This segment will first be test piloted in the Los Angeles, California area in January of 2008. This will continue until March of 2008. Next, the second phase of the product launch of Smoke out the product will be launched in June of 2008 if the test here will produce enough profits to merit continuing to the next phase. However, if the results of the first phase in Los Angeles California will not be successful because the sales generated will not exceed the total amount of marketing expenses, the administration expenses and the cost of raw materials, direct labor and factory overhead in producing the Smoke out product (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 1). B2. Why did you choose this method of customer segmentation? Be specific. 2 pts. This market segmentation give the best results at lesser expenses. For, the company’s selling only in the Los Angeles market is similar to injecting a new drug into rats as guinea pigs to determine if the drug will cure cancer or eliminate diabetes. This is the first phase of the market segmentation in the drug manufacturing and selling business. And, this phase one will now move on to phase two of the experimentation if the drug test shows that the drugs will be cure the cancer or diabetes in the rats. However, the drug testing will not continue to phase two of the medical experimentation if the drug does not cure the cancer or diabetes. Obviously, phase two will continue if the drug shows that the drug can cure cancer and diabetes in rats. The phase of this drug experiment is injecting the cancer and or diabetes -curing drug on humans who have cancers and diabetes (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 24). Thus, the phase two will no push through if the Los Angeles, California test pilot segment will show that people abhor the product and the costs and expenses to produce the Smoke out will be higher than the revenues generated from selling the smoking habit buster product. For, there is a very high probability that this smoke busting product will not generate net profits if the Smoke out product will not generate net profits in the Los Angeles test pilot area within the three month test period (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 53). c. Who is the target market? The target market, which is phase 1 (Los Angeles, California) has been chosen because it mimics many states within the United States. Thus, whatever will be the financial findings in this test pilot area will give a high probability of what will happen when the product is finally launch all over the United States and all countries around the world. Meaning, California has people in the fire hazardous forests. Los Angeles is the home to the rich where Rodeo Drive located and the Beverly Hills area where the rich take up their residences. It also has its share of poor people living in †¦..   It also has its share of the lesbians and gays. Los Angeles has its share of Asians, African Americans, Europeans, South Americans and other races. It has also different religions inside its boundary. It has also both males and females resembling the gender population of other states. It has its own share of smokers just like the smoking population of the other states within the Unit ed States (Moschis, 1994, p. 6). For Los Angeles represents the very best of America which includes Beverly Hills and Malibu and the Worst of America. The worst of Los Angeles includes the gang wars and day to day violence in the streets. Also, the Los Angeles population is most populated by African Americans, Latinos and native Americans since 1781. Los Angeles is well known for its beautiful weather most of the year. The cost of living here is also high but not too high for the average wage American (Collier, 2002). Thus, the success of Smoke out in Los Angeles will have a high probability of being a success when it is marketed to the entire United States segment (Moschis, 1994, p. 10). d. What are your products’ benefits to the target market? 4 pts. The product will give the smoker the feeling that he is smoking. Thus the does not literally cut his smoking habit. What happens is that the medicine fused into the Smoke out will slowly neutralize the nicotine that has been piled up for many years in the smokers’ blood and lungs. The smokers will lose their crave for smoking without even a sweat because it is the medicine that neutralizes the body’s craving for addiction for nicotine (Moschis, 1994, p. 90). e. At what price will your product be introduced? Why? 4 pts. The price will be $100. This price is based on the simple reason that a person’s health cannot be equated to cash. For a person’s life is priceless. Also, the cost of the Smoke Out Is surely lesser than if the smoker will be operated in the hospital for lung cancer and high blood which is one of the side effects of smoking for many years (Moschis, 1994, p. 123). f. What pricing strategy are you using? Why? 4 pts. The pricing strategy used is the cost plus profit pricing. For, a business has to generate revenues that will exceed the total amount of costs and daily operating expenses of marketing the Smoke out product (Abdallah, 2004, p. 48). g. What objectives will be accomplished by using this strategy? Be specific. 5 pts. The objectives that will be accomplished by this strategy are: – To know if the people will buy the product. – To know if enough people will buy the product so that the revenues from sales will be more than the total costs and expenses of producing and marketing the Smoke out product launch. – To generate findings from a test pilot launch so that results will be known at a earlier stage of the product life cycle (Moschis, 1994, p. 93). h. Why is the product worth this price? 2 pts. As discussed above, a person’s life cannot be equated to money for it is priceless. Thus, the $100 selling price of the product will not be noticed when the product is marketed as best product to stop smoking without even trying. i. Identify and explain what prices you should charge at each stage of the PLC? 12 pts. I will use the same $100 selling price at each stage of the product life cycle. The reason is plain and simple. A person’s life is worth more than $1,000,000 and $100 is just a trickle from a person’s monthly salary. Thus, if the product will be bought with price of $100 which is very very very low and affordable.
Friday, August 16, 2019
Police Brutality in NYC
such incidents may exist. With increased attention being paid to incidents of police brutality, lawsuits being brought against both the officers and the government for which they work, and a focus on the psychological conditions that may affect those officers that violently abuse citizens, there is hope that police brutality can be better understood, reduced, and eventually eradicated. When Americans think of the history of police brutality, there are several historical events that form the backdrop for this social problem.Although thousands f undocumented and unrecorded incidents of police brutality undoubtedly have occurred, it was not until the advent of videotape that Americans who previously had no knowledge of police brutality began to truly understand this issue. The Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s was accompanied by many incidents of police brutality committed against African Americans and their supporters. The pictures and videos of these incidents, broadcast on national television, included nonviolent protestors being tear-gassed, beaten with billy clubs, and even sprayed with fire hoses.In February 2012 in New York City, an amateur video posted online shows four New York City police officers kicking and punching a nineteen year old man who was laying on the ground unarmed. His mother said that her son required staples in his head and arm. Jatiek Reed, the nineteen year old Bronx resident, who has suffered from constant headaches and nightmares since then, announced he was requesting a special prosecutor to investigate. Reed's attorney said the Bronx district attorneys office wasn't capable of investigating because its close relationship with police.The fficers involved have been placed on desk duty and their guns and shields have been removed while the New York Police Department investigated, according to US News Online in 02/09/2012 and AP Regional State Report-New York City, 02/0112012. Many police killings receive little mention in the media. T herefore, the topic usually goes unnoticed by general public until an incident hits home or a major tragedy occurs. According to recent statistics by October 22nd Coalition to Stop Police Brutality, 21 people were killed by New York police throughout 2012, averaging two killings per onth.It increased the previous year's sum by seven fatalities. The same statistic shows that nearly 90 percent of those killed were Black or Hispanic. Last year's victims of police shooting varied in age: Antwoine White, 17 years old, was killed in Bushwick, Brooklyn, on January 29; Ramarley Graham, 18 years old, was slain in his own Bronx bathroom Just four days later. On August 24, Jeffrey Johnson, 58 years old, was shot dead by the New York Police Department outside the Empire State Building after killing a former co-worker he had a grudge against.Shereese Francis was killed in the basement of her house in Queens. The New York Police Officers used excessive force by pressing her face into a mattress w hile handcuffing her, causing her to suttocate. Then on June an e Davis was snot in a vehicle in East Flatbush, Brooklyn. There was no weapon involved and she didn't represent any threat to the police to warrant the use of deadly force. (New York Amsterdam News from January 31 to February 06, 2013). Still, though, the Justice Department has failed to prosecute the vast majority of police brutality cases.This problem stems from, among other things, difficulty in proving allegations, absent evidence such as unbiased eyewitness testimony, or videotape recordings of the abuse. Also, there exists a perception in society that police officers are to be believed and trusted. Because such a high percentage of police officers can be trusted and do not engage in police brutality, Juries and Judges often encounter difficulty in disbelieving an officer's testimony that he or she did not abuse a citizen. Most people who become police officers do so because they ave a strong desire to protect thei r communities and its citizens.They work hard and receive appropriate training on how to handle a wide variety of situations, both ordinary and dangerous. Unfortunately, despite the fact that most police officers work very hard to keep their communities safe and provide a good example to its citizens, there are some individuals who abuse the power and authority they receive as a result of their positions in law enforcement. Sadly, allegations of police brutality are not uncommon, with many accusations coming from people in poor eighborhoods, minority neighborhoods, and major cities.Because police forces are governmental entities, common citizens–either individually or through their elected officials–do have a say in how their local police force is operated. If police departments make attempts to increase sensitivity and participate in training designed to reduce violence, and if groups of citizens actively work to encourage their local police departments to reduce viol ence and adopt enforceable early warning systems, police brutality can be reduced.However, while the vast majority of olice officers are good and honest people, the problem of police brutality is significant enough that it cannot be ignored. Sources Citations: Ethnic News Watch 21 killed by the NYPD in 2012. (2013, ). New York Amsterdam News. Retrieved fromhttp://www.proquest.com/connect/https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98899 https://learnaboutrussia.wordpress.com/2009/12/13/hermitage-museum/http://weblib. ucc. edu:2233/ic/ovic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow? e=&scanld=&documentld=GALE
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Company Analysis: Wal-Mart Essay
Wal-mart Stores Inc is a United States based company started in 1962 in Arkansas. The company has grown exponentially to open branches in many parts of the world. It operates in three formats: United States based segment, abroad/international segment, and Sam’s Club. Through the three segments, the company owns and runs stores (retail and discount), chains of supermarkets and supercentres, and websites affiliated with the company. In those stores and supermarkets, one can buy foodstuffs, beverages, dairy products, and meat, among many other foodstuffs, electronics, accessories, cloth ware, and many other things. More than retail, the company offers financial services through banks and electronic payments. The company’s retail units are estimated to be around 10,800 all spread in about 27 countries all over the world. Wal-mart Stores Inc. has been listed in top 10 of the world’s 500 biggest companies by Forbes (Fishman 16). An analysis of the company reveals that it is growing remarkably well in spite of the turbulent economic times being experienced in America and many parts of Europe. Corporate and business strategy formulated by the company have enabled it transcend many challenges that have littered its path of progress. This paper will identify the company’s current mission and review its strategies and objectives. The financial status of the company will be analyzed by using financial rations, income data, and balanced sheet data. Additionally, internal strengths and weaknesses will be analyzed using SWOT model. External opportunities and threats will be analyzed using PESTEL and Porter’s five forces model analysis. Based on those analyses, the mission and strategies of the company will be revised. Corporate and business strategies that will enable the company achieve its mission and objectives will be developed and discussed, and appropriate recommendations made. Actions needed to implement the strategies that will be formulated will be outlined. Appropriate long term objectives in areas of marketing, human resources, finance, operations, and information systems will be developed. The results expected will be specified including pro forma financial statements. Lastly, procedural recommendations will be made for strategy review and evaluation. Specific measures to be utilized will be documented. Mission, Objectives, and Strategies Wall-mart growth in recent years has seen it overtake other companies to become the biggest retailer in the world. With a customer base exceeding 200 million customers annually and over 2. 5 million employees, the company’s sales are expected to surpass the $2 billion achieved in 2012 (Roberts, Bryan, & Natalie 14). Low prices and provision of high quality customer care service continue to be the drivers of the company’s growth. The strategies have revolved around attracting and retaining customers by low pricing and great customer care services. The low pricing is achieved by constant pressure on suppliers to lower their prices and redesign all services and products. The company’s mission is summarized in one sentence, â€Å"Save people money so they could live better†(Roberts, Bryan, & Natalie 34). Their objective is thus to lower the prices of their commodities so that customers are happy and satisfied. The low price strategy is premised on the knowledge that large volumes dispensed at a low price will compensate for the lowered price. By putting customers first, the company has survived tough economic times. Through its management strategy, transitions have been achieved efficiently. In recent years, the company has formulated a public affairs strategy that is meant to help it penetrate new markets, in the United States and Internationally. Political climate inevitably determines the success of a company. For that reason, Wall-mart has commissioned a political action committee that is tasked with the responsibility of networking with politicians that will help the company realize its goals in various places around the world. The company has short and long term objectives geared towards maintaining growth. The objectives are aligned to the strategy of low price and customer satisfaction. In the short term, Wall-mart intends to achieve a 95% level of customer satisfaction. In the long term, the company plans to stock all kind of merchandise for diverse customers retailing at low prices. In 2012, Wall-mart launched five central strategies for growth (Roberts, Bryan, & Natalie 24). The first strategy, developing our people, recognizes the supremacy of customers and empowered employees in any business venture. It aims to develop existing talent within the company by use of development programmes. The company also seeks to recruit new talents that are exceptional so as to remain competitive. Towards this strategy, the company plans to partner with Walton Institute and enhance its leadership series so as to produce the next generation of leaders for the company. There are plans to improve diversity and inclusivity in the hiring process. The company has thus committed to champion affirmative action by hiring women and other marginalized groups and investing in their career development. The second strategy is driving the productivity loop. The company aims to lower operation cost so that prices can be reduced further. The third strategy, labeled Wining in Global ecommerce seeks to harness the power of information technology in driving growth. The launch of @WalmartLabs is the precursor to this strategy and there are plans to replicate it in other countries such as Britain and Canada. With a growing online population, the company plans to expand its presence in social media so as to reach as many people as possible. The fourth strategy involves reinvigoration of the customer-centered culture. The growth of the company has been driven by the company and as indicated earlier, there is a strategy to hit a 95% customer satisfaction. The last strategy is directed towards retention of legitimacy and maintaining a good relationship with the society and community around the company’s premises and beyond. Dubbed Leading on social and environment issues, the strategy will drive Wall-marts corporate social responsibility activities. Through philanthropy, educational support, and women empowerment, the company intends to promote and maintain its corporate integrity.
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Himalayans Cat
Student Number _____________ RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Himalayans Cat Felis Catus Abstract When you think of a warm, loving, and sensationally beautiful cat with crystal blue eyes to die for the first cat that should come to mind is the prestigious Himalayan Cat. The Himalayan Cat is a lovable cat breed and is a favorite choice amongst cat lovers. This domestic breed of felines are a popular pick in Hollywood and are famous for playing cat characters in movies such as â€Å"Meet the Parents,†â€Å"Meet the Flockers,†â€Å"Date Movie,†â€Å"Homeward Bound,†and on the â€Å"Martha Stewart show†(Petinsurance, 2012, Para. ). The Himalayan cat is unlike any other for it has a unique history. The Himalayan cat is derived from the Genus/Species Felis catus and is a result of the breeding of two very prestigious breeds of cats: the Persian and the Siamese cat. As a result of this unique breeding the Himalayan cat was created and has since been a symbol of el egance due to there â€Å"very unique body characteristic that distinguishes them from any other member of the feline family†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. 5).The Himalayan Cat is a domestic cat or Felis catus, which is â€Å"a small, usually furry, domesticated, carnivorous mammal†(Wikipedia, 2012, Para 1). It is more commonly referred to as the â€Å"house cat†. Its taxonomic classification group is â€Å"animalia chordata mammalia carnivora felidae felis catus†(Ramel, 2012, Para 1). According to Ramel (2012) archaeological evidence suggests that modern cats lineage, recognizably similar to our present day species, began to emerge about 25 MYA and during the last 12 million years the eight separate lineages of modern cats have emerged.The domestic cats are apart of that lineage known as the Felis genius, which makes them in direct relation to the cougar, lion, and tigers with the exception of the obvious differences of size and domestication (Wikipedia, 2012 ). The Felis catus are strong, active, round headed, small-bodied, social natured, intelligent animals. â€Å"Felis, typically weigh between eight and eleven pounds, but some breeds can exceed to twenty-five pounds†(Wikipedia, 2012, Para. 7).Domestic cats still have many of their wild instincts for instance; they are constantly climbing, jumping, running, and/or extending their claws in hunting or self-defense (Ramel, 2012). Their sharp retractable claws and strong sharp teeth are their defense mechanism against predators. Domestic cats have great sense of smell, excellent night vision, and a variety of â€Å"vocalization methods of communication (purring, hissing, meowing, and growling), and exceptional hearing†(Wikipedia, 2012, Para 10). According to Wikipedia (2012) they can hear higher-pitched sounds than either dogs or humans, detecting frequencies from 55Hz up to 79 kHz.The life expectancy for a domestic cat is between 12-16 years but some may live longer. Dome stic cats â€Å"reach sexual maturity anywhere between the ages of 7 to 9 months†and usually have an average of 3-5 kitten per liter†(Ramel, 2012, Para. 3) Domestic cats have a â€Å"mutualistic relationship†with human beings and are great companions for people of all ages (Wikipedia, 2012). One of the most devoted people loving breeds of domestic cats is the Himalayan Cat breed. Himalayan Cats are extremely affectionate (Anderson, 2012).Schapmann (2012) states according to Animal Planet’s rating of Himalayan cat characteristics, Himalayans rank high in affection toward their owners, need for attention, and compatibility with children and other pets. This breed of domestic cats are very calm natured but playful. â€Å"The males are more outgoing than their female counter partners, who are more shy and reserved†(Anderson, 2012, Para. 3). Himalayans Cats are a result of a crossbreeding of the Persian cat with the Siamese cat. â€Å"The Himalayan cat was the creation of scientist, Dr. Clyde Keeler and cat breeder, Virginia Cobb.The two teamed up to blend a Persian cat and a Siamese cat†(Petinsurance, 2012, Para. 2) McDonald (1999) states that although, for decades, breeders attempted to breed these two cats but were unsuccessful. It wasn’t until Marguerita Goforth successfully created this breed in 1950s and by the 1960s, it was accepted as a breed by cat authorities (McDonald, 1999). The Himalayan Cat has a remarkable appearance, which makes them so popular. They are short with long thick white hair, which is a featured they adopted from the Persian Cat and have strong colourpoint markings, which is a featured they adopted from the Siamese Cat Petinsurance, 2012). The colourpoint markings are on their ears, legs, tail, and facemask and vary in color (Helgreen, 2011). â€Å"There is a definite contrast between point and body color†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. 4). Most Himalayan Cats range from either white to beige and their colourpoint markings can be â€Å"chocolate, seal, lilac, blue, red, cream tortile, blue-cream, chocolate-torte, lilac cream, seal lynx, blue lynx, red lynx, cream lynx, torte lynx, blue-cream lynx, chocolate lynx, lilac lynx, chocolate-torte lynx, and lilac-cream lynx†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. ) Aside from their distinctive color patterns, the Himalayans are also recognized for their piercing blue eyes and strong flat faces (American Cat Fanciers Association, 2012). There are two facial types: the Extreme/Peke (Ultra face) and the Traditional known as the â€Å"Doll face†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. 4). The major difference between these two is that Extreme faced Himalayan has an extremely flatten face. â€Å"The nose is as nearly as high as the eyes†(McDonald, 1999, pg. 5). This flattened face feature causes this breed to experience problems with their eyes tearing, teeth crowding, and difficulties breathing (Petinsurance, 2012, Para 5).According to C hancellor (2012) Himalayans are subjected to the same types of diseases as Persian Cats due to their linage. These health issues include: â€Å"Tear Duct Overflow, Skin fold dermatitis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Urinary tract stones†(Chancellor, 2012, Para, 1). Despite the possible health issues, Himalayan Cats have a lifespan of 14-15 years and have no problems with breeding (McDonald, 1999). The female Himalayan Cats may be ready for breeding as early as five months and will begin calling for the her male counter partner to assist in the reproduction process (McDonald, 1999).According to Helgreen (2011) Himalayan cats normally birth 3-4 kittens however; they can produce liters of eight kittens. Himalayan Cats have a very lovable, docile, and playful personality (Schapman, 2012). â€Å"The amazing pet behaviors observed in this cat are commendable the high level of affection intelligence and tolerance are not qualities that are seen in ord inary domestic cats†(Petinsurance, 2012, Para. 6). According to Schapman (2012) this breed of domestic cats has a strong need for attention and companionship from its human owner.This may range anywhere from daily grooming to reassurance and security from its owner. â€Å"They are very dependent on their owners but also have an air of independence, calmness, and self-assuredness†(Schapman, 2012, Para 4). The Himalayan Cat breed is a very unique breed aside from all its unique physical and behavioral characteristics. The American Cat Fanciers Association recognizes this uniqueness and is the only association that recognizes this breed as a separate breed from all other varieties of Persian and Siamese cats (American Cat Fanciers Association, 2012).Despite their ancestral linage to the Persian and Siamese Cat, the Himalayan Cat breed is in a league of its own. References American Cat Fanciers Association. (2012) Himalayians. Retrieved from http://www. acfacat. com/breed_ standard. htm Anderson, C. (2012). Personality differences for male and female himalayan cats. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/info_8087211_personality-male-female-himalayan-cats. html Chancellor, T. L. (2012). Himalayan cat diseases. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_5436085_himalayan-cat-diseases. html#ixzz2C8PXRtDf. Helgreen, J. A. 2011). Himalayan cats. Telmark Productions. McDonald, C. (1999). Guide to owning a himalayan cat. Facts On File, Incorporated. Petinsurance. (2012). Himalayan cats; blue-eyed wonder. Retrieved from http://www. petinsurance. com/healthzone/pet-articles/pet-breeds/himalayan-cats. aspx Ramel, G. (2012). Cats. Retrieved from http://www. earthlife. net/mammals/cats. html Schapman, S. (2012). Himalayan cat personality. Retrieved from http://suite101. com/article/the-himalayan-cat-personality-a70239 Wikipedia. (2012). Domestic cats. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cat. Himalayans Cat Student Number _____________ RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Himalayans Cat Felis Catus Abstract When you think of a warm, loving, and sensationally beautiful cat with crystal blue eyes to die for the first cat that should come to mind is the prestigious Himalayan Cat. The Himalayan Cat is a lovable cat breed and is a favorite choice amongst cat lovers. This domestic breed of felines are a popular pick in Hollywood and are famous for playing cat characters in movies such as â€Å"Meet the Parents,†â€Å"Meet the Flockers,†â€Å"Date Movie,†â€Å"Homeward Bound,†and on the â€Å"Martha Stewart show†(Petinsurance, 2012, Para. ). The Himalayan cat is unlike any other for it has a unique history. The Himalayan cat is derived from the Genus/Species Felis catus and is a result of the breeding of two very prestigious breeds of cats: the Persian and the Siamese cat. As a result of this unique breeding the Himalayan cat was created and has since been a symbol of el egance due to there â€Å"very unique body characteristic that distinguishes them from any other member of the feline family†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. 5).The Himalayan Cat is a domestic cat or Felis catus, which is â€Å"a small, usually furry, domesticated, carnivorous mammal†(Wikipedia, 2012, Para 1). It is more commonly referred to as the â€Å"house cat†. Its taxonomic classification group is â€Å"animalia chordata mammalia carnivora felidae felis catus†(Ramel, 2012, Para 1). According to Ramel (2012) archaeological evidence suggests that modern cats lineage, recognizably similar to our present day species, began to emerge about 25 MYA and during the last 12 million years the eight separate lineages of modern cats have emerged.The domestic cats are apart of that lineage known as the Felis genius, which makes them in direct relation to the cougar, lion, and tigers with the exception of the obvious differences of size and domestication (Wikipedia, 2012 ). The Felis catus are strong, active, round headed, small-bodied, social natured, intelligent animals. â€Å"Felis, typically weigh between eight and eleven pounds, but some breeds can exceed to twenty-five pounds†(Wikipedia, 2012, Para. 7).Domestic cats still have many of their wild instincts for instance; they are constantly climbing, jumping, running, and/or extending their claws in hunting or self-defense (Ramel, 2012). Their sharp retractable claws and strong sharp teeth are their defense mechanism against predators. Domestic cats have great sense of smell, excellent night vision, and a variety of â€Å"vocalization methods of communication (purring, hissing, meowing, and growling), and exceptional hearing†(Wikipedia, 2012, Para 10). According to Wikipedia (2012) they can hear higher-pitched sounds than either dogs or humans, detecting frequencies from 55Hz up to 79 kHz.The life expectancy for a domestic cat is between 12-16 years but some may live longer. Dome stic cats â€Å"reach sexual maturity anywhere between the ages of 7 to 9 months†and usually have an average of 3-5 kitten per liter†(Ramel, 2012, Para. 3) Domestic cats have a â€Å"mutualistic relationship†with human beings and are great companions for people of all ages (Wikipedia, 2012). One of the most devoted people loving breeds of domestic cats is the Himalayan Cat breed. Himalayan Cats are extremely affectionate (Anderson, 2012).Schapmann (2012) states according to Animal Planet’s rating of Himalayan cat characteristics, Himalayans rank high in affection toward their owners, need for attention, and compatibility with children and other pets. This breed of domestic cats are very calm natured but playful. â€Å"The males are more outgoing than their female counter partners, who are more shy and reserved†(Anderson, 2012, Para. 3). Himalayans Cats are a result of a crossbreeding of the Persian cat with the Siamese cat. â€Å"The Himalayan cat was the creation of scientist, Dr. Clyde Keeler and cat breeder, Virginia Cobb.The two teamed up to blend a Persian cat and a Siamese cat†(Petinsurance, 2012, Para. 2) McDonald (1999) states that although, for decades, breeders attempted to breed these two cats but were unsuccessful. It wasn’t until Marguerita Goforth successfully created this breed in 1950s and by the 1960s, it was accepted as a breed by cat authorities (McDonald, 1999). The Himalayan Cat has a remarkable appearance, which makes them so popular. They are short with long thick white hair, which is a featured they adopted from the Persian Cat and have strong colourpoint markings, which is a featured they adopted from the Siamese Cat Petinsurance, 2012). The colourpoint markings are on their ears, legs, tail, and facemask and vary in color (Helgreen, 2011). â€Å"There is a definite contrast between point and body color†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. 4). Most Himalayan Cats range from either white to beige and their colourpoint markings can be â€Å"chocolate, seal, lilac, blue, red, cream tortile, blue-cream, chocolate-torte, lilac cream, seal lynx, blue lynx, red lynx, cream lynx, torte lynx, blue-cream lynx, chocolate lynx, lilac lynx, chocolate-torte lynx, and lilac-cream lynx†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. ) Aside from their distinctive color patterns, the Himalayans are also recognized for their piercing blue eyes and strong flat faces (American Cat Fanciers Association, 2012). There are two facial types: the Extreme/Peke (Ultra face) and the Traditional known as the â€Å"Doll face†(Helgreen, 2011, Para. 4). The major difference between these two is that Extreme faced Himalayan has an extremely flatten face. â€Å"The nose is as nearly as high as the eyes†(McDonald, 1999, pg. 5). This flattened face feature causes this breed to experience problems with their eyes tearing, teeth crowding, and difficulties breathing (Petinsurance, 2012, Para 5).According to C hancellor (2012) Himalayans are subjected to the same types of diseases as Persian Cats due to their linage. These health issues include: â€Å"Tear Duct Overflow, Skin fold dermatitis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and Urinary tract stones†(Chancellor, 2012, Para, 1). Despite the possible health issues, Himalayan Cats have a lifespan of 14-15 years and have no problems with breeding (McDonald, 1999). The female Himalayan Cats may be ready for breeding as early as five months and will begin calling for the her male counter partner to assist in the reproduction process (McDonald, 1999).According to Helgreen (2011) Himalayan cats normally birth 3-4 kittens however; they can produce liters of eight kittens. Himalayan Cats have a very lovable, docile, and playful personality (Schapman, 2012). â€Å"The amazing pet behaviors observed in this cat are commendable the high level of affection intelligence and tolerance are not qualities that are seen in ord inary domestic cats†(Petinsurance, 2012, Para. 6). According to Schapman (2012) this breed of domestic cats has a strong need for attention and companionship from its human owner.This may range anywhere from daily grooming to reassurance and security from its owner. â€Å"They are very dependent on their owners but also have an air of independence, calmness, and self-assuredness†(Schapman, 2012, Para 4). The Himalayan Cat breed is a very unique breed aside from all its unique physical and behavioral characteristics. The American Cat Fanciers Association recognizes this uniqueness and is the only association that recognizes this breed as a separate breed from all other varieties of Persian and Siamese cats (American Cat Fanciers Association, 2012).Despite their ancestral linage to the Persian and Siamese Cat, the Himalayan Cat breed is in a league of its own. References American Cat Fanciers Association. (2012) Himalayians. Retrieved from http://www. acfacat. com/breed_ standard. htm Anderson, C. (2012). Personality differences for male and female himalayan cats. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/info_8087211_personality-male-female-himalayan-cats. html Chancellor, T. L. (2012). Himalayan cat diseases. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_5436085_himalayan-cat-diseases. html#ixzz2C8PXRtDf. Helgreen, J. A. 2011). Himalayan cats. Telmark Productions. McDonald, C. (1999). Guide to owning a himalayan cat. Facts On File, Incorporated. Petinsurance. (2012). Himalayan cats; blue-eyed wonder. Retrieved from http://www. petinsurance. com/healthzone/pet-articles/pet-breeds/himalayan-cats. aspx Ramel, G. (2012). Cats. Retrieved from http://www. earthlife. net/mammals/cats. html Schapman, S. (2012). Himalayan cat personality. Retrieved from http://suite101. com/article/the-himalayan-cat-personality-a70239 Wikipedia. (2012). Domestic cats. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cat.
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