Chess – the game for everyone

Chess is a board game for everyone. Chess is played on a square board of eight rows and eight columns. The color of the sixty-four squares alternate and is referred to as light squares and dark squares. The light squares are at the right hand of the rank nearest to each player, and the pieces are set out as shown in the diagram, with each queen on its own color. The pieces are divided by convention, into white and black sets. The game starts with 2 kings, 2 queens, 4 rooks, 4 bishops, 4 knights and 16 pawns. Chess demands you to think about which way to go to win against another side. In this writing I want to discuss the passages on the chessboard that players consider and calculate to win and when we consider life in the universe people do their best to obtain the same goals. Life is life. The specialness of the game is played by large numbers of ordinary and not so-ordinary people. Chess may even provide unusually clear examples of these various aspects of life. Because chess is an arena in which the tasks are entirely mental, where complete information is available to both players and their moves it can be recorded accurately. In this sense, chess may even illuminate aspects of life. When you play chess, all moves are up to you like life, you will find out your own limitations. A passionate claim without any evidence or argument can never support more than a statement of faith, but if it too is insistent it may betray a doubt about the real value of the game. Chess is quite reflective of the dimensions. The board, a finite realm of two dimensions, is similar to a finite view of the universe. Chess has two basic types of movements on this field: the finite players and the infinite players. The finites are the king, the pawn and the horse; who move in single bounds of a pre-established length. The infinites are the queen, the bishop and the rooks; who move in bound at any length, theoretically able to escape the two-dimensional limits imposed by the board. In life the queen is a good manager who always finds out the best way to achieve her key targets lead to checkmate. We'll now examine the directions in which they may move. A pawn is biased. The fawn may only go straight unless altered in course by removing another piece at either of ts' forward diagonals. The pawn starts out with the option of a two-square move, as if running out into battle, but then continues at a single square pace. In life the pawn is staff or employees who are loyal and dedicated to help the manager achieve his or her goal. A rook moves infinitely either forwards or sideways; the bishop is similar in movement to the rook, but is offset by 45 degrees. The queen is a precise super imposition of th e rook and the bishop. The king is a queen with a single square limit, or, simply put, a ring around itself. In fact, life is like a chessboard. People can justify their moves all they want, but they will be concerned and checkmated if they do not checkmate their opponent first. People live in a community and have to know how to exist in it. For example, to have a good life, an employee works hard and has the good relationship with colleagues. He or she has to follow the rules of a company as well as a society, and he or she also desires to have a better position in the workplace. As a result of this, he or she is a good player. Chess also has rich symbolism which the imaginative may develop, and it has often been used for the purpose of authors of improving essays. Chess moralities of this sort were abundant in the medieval era, but one feels that people are normally reading into chess the values they already possess. In life, there is no bad staff in the good manager’s eyes, he or she understands and grasps the employee’s ability to lay work properly. A slightly stronger claim is to say that chess is not just another part of life, but is a particularly worthy, rewarding or exemplary part. All chess players know its rewards, and its best players are more enthusiastic like Tarrasch’s famous quote: â€Å"Chess is a form of intellectual productiveness and intellectual productiveness is one of the greatest joys of human existence. † Because chess presents complex but unambiguous problems, psychological researchers have been very interested in chess. Chess is a key field for research in psychology, although chess players have not yet felt the benefit of many insights. The game of chess is not merely an idle amusement. Circumspection which surveys the whole chessboard, or scene of action; the relations of the several pieces and situations, the dangers they are respectively exposed to the several possibilities of their aiding each other. Caution is not to make our moves too hastily. This habit is best acquired by observing strictly the law of the game. For example, if you touch a piece, you must move it somewhere, if you set it down, you must let it stand. And it is therefore, best that these rules should be observed as the game. Look at chess, and you may find their truths about life: â€Å"The chess-board is the world, The pieces are the phenomena of the Universe, The rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature, The player on the other side is hidden from us. † Thomas Huxley(1825-1895). The statements of Thomas Huxley and the illustrations of life above are as the powerful weapons/techniques to conquer this game of life, so cunningly complex, yet , my movement is centered, flowing and letting go. Without a doubt, it is my turn to move. I am the chess player not the chess piece. I have myself as my sole opponent in this chess of life. I am the sole barrier to my success if I will not do anything.

Homeschool vs Public School Essay

The recent growth, popularity, and success of homeschool have left many parents wondering if public school is the right choice for their children. While public school is still the most trusted and convenient way for parents to have their children educated, many parents are starting to research and learn more about the option of homeschooling. For many parents, it is hard to think outside the box, when it comes to their children’s education, yet, more parents are convinced every day that this may be the right choice for their children. Parents considering homeschool are worried that they might not be able to provide the proper education, and learning tools, as well as the structure of public school. Others are simply worried that their publicly educated children will not be as well rounded or socialized if they are homeschooled. For many advocates, whether home school or public school, the environment offered by withers situation is definitely a determining factor as to whether their child should be home or publicly schooled. Proponents of homeschool think that children will thrive better in a safe, comfortable, familiar environment. Ironically, so do public school advocates. Homeschool parents believe that home is the safest, most secure environment for their children to learn. A decade ago a homeschooled teen had to miss out on school dances, band, sports, driver’s education and more. This is no longer the case. The options are endless depending on your local school district. Most junior and high schools support dual enrollment. This means that a child can be homeschooled and still go to the school for subject that the student along with the parents decides. This can be math, wood working, computer technology, and many more things. If the child is enrolled they are entitled to most if not all of the extracurricular activities that the school offers. In a home school setting, a child does not have to deal with fitting in, peer pressure, or cliques. Homeschool parents will argue that by homeschooling they prevent most of the negative social problems of school. Many argue that school is not like real life. In the real world you do get to choose who you associate with for the most part. You are not shoved into a room of your same age peers for 12 years or more. In public schools children are forced to deal with persecution because of the clothes they wear may not be the coolest, or their shoes may not be a brand name. Children are forced to deal with peer pressures to have sex, experiment with drugs, or truancy. Homeschool children are able to focus solely on their education. They are usually able to work at their own pace in their own style. While publicly schooled children are forced into a strict schedule, and everything is on a timed basis. Public school advocates argue that public school teaches the child to separate themselves from their parents, and begin to rely on themselves more. That it teaches responsibility. They also believe that the natural interaction between children in school is healthy, and it teaches them character, and individuality. As a matter of fact, many public school supporters believe that actual book learning is not as important as learning how to deal with others. Only you can decide which is more important for your child. Along with everything else, parents and their children have to consider the curriculum, and is this right for the individual circumstance. How your child learns is a major factor in determining if your child should be in public school or homeschooled. Most children learn the same basic skills whether they are public, or homeschooled. They learn to read, write, and basic math. Both sides agree that this is a good foundation. However, it is beyond the basics that the two types of schooling differ, and the argument begins. Homeschooled children tend to learn through individual experience. Regular public school children learn through relationships, and according to studies, that’s what builds character in a child. [www. publicschools. org]. this is clearly a huge argument in the war of Homeschool versus public school. Homeschool parents are able to choose the focus of their child’s education. Whether it is based on their religion and beliefs, or the child’s natural curiosity. This does not mean that a child is homeschooled based solely on religion or because they are religious. It simply gives parents an option to have religion incorporated in their children’s schooling. More parents said that they chose to homeschool a child in order to offer religious or moral instruction. This reason was given more than any other reason as the most important for homeschooling. This accounts for 36 percent of homeschooled students [The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) of the U. S.  Department of Education (USDOE) Institute of Education Sciences (IES)]. Public schools have eliminated religion because the government feels that it may offend someone if we pray a certain prayer that a student with a different religion may not. So, they decided to separate church and state. This means that there are no more prayers in public schools or their events. There are â€Å"moments of silence†. Thus, many homeschool parents incorporate it into their lessons. Public school bases their curriculum on state based lesson, which aim to make the students reach and hopefully surpass their goals. This curriculum is constantly changing with the times. A drawback of public education curriculum is that there is not a lot of time to spend in depth on one particular subject, but students are exposed to a broad spectrum of subjects. Every parent is a teacher [www. phdinparenting. com]. Whether they realize it or not. From day one we teach our children, and never stop. It is the argument of homeschool advocates that if we can teach them life skills and basically everything they learn from day one, then why can’t we educate our children? Public school advocates argue that the difference is the time a teacher has spent learning methods and perfecting the art of educating a child. Homeschooled parents are concerned that their children are not having enough one on one time with teachers. They are concerned that the teacher to student ratio is out of control. The norm in public school is 31 students to 1 teacher. Most classes are 30 to 45 minutes in length. After roll call, going over the daily lesson, passing up homework, etc. , there is less than 1 minute available for each student to communicate with the teacher. Homeschool advocates are concerned that sometimes this means that the quality of education a child gets in public school is not as good as that of homeschool. Many students believe that the education they are getting is quite adequate. They are sure that half the things they learn in class they will not need in â€Å"real life† anyway. They assume the free ride through college from their high school football career will get them everything they need in life. Children who have this belief are sorely mistaken. If they are not equipped with the communication skills, and life skills, as well taught esponsibility then why have the great football career? They will have no idea how to negotiate terms, negotiate contracts, or how to properly spend and invest their income. These are all vital things that a child needs to be taught. Homeschool parents believe that they can instill in their children all of those things. No extracurricular activities for homeschoolers, you say? Wrong!! There are programs that allow homeschool children to take some of their classes in a private school type setting to allow them to play on the local high school football team. As long as their grades and transcripts are all in order, they can be just as successful and get scholarships just as a public school student. We, as parents have to make our own decisions about how our children are educated. Whether they are public or home schooled, we have to ensure that our children are getting the best possible education, in the best environment, by the best teachers. It is not our job to be sure that they are the most popular, or the class favorite. It is our job to make sure that they are educated, moral, responsible, well rounded individuals no matter the method by which they are educated.

Case Study Rolls Royce Economics Essay

Case Study Rolls Royce Economics Essay By instructing that parts and sub-assemblies are only produced to meet that demand MRP seeks to meet projected customer demand. Using the bill of materials to calculate how many are needed and when they must be made MRP back schedules demand for part and sub-assemblies. This is how MRP connects customer demand with the internal and external supply network. Although JIT planning and control has similar objectives. Derived from end-customer demand Pull scheduling parts only move in response to matched and synchronised signals (Slack, 2004). MRP is driven by the MPS that identifies future end-item demand. Using a computer to calculate how many of, and when, each part should be made a fixed lead-time environment is modelled. Its output is of time-phased environment plans that are centrally calculated and coordinated. Regardless of whether the next process can take or actually need the part at that time it is made in response to central instructions. The authority of MRP is undermine and make the plans unworkable at the shop floor level due to day-to-day disturbances, such as quality problems and inaccurate stock records. While MRP is excellent at planning, it is weak at control (Slack, 2004). MRP II is more precise than MRP because it instigates production of a variety of components, releases orders and offsets inventory reductions. â€Å"MRP II grasps the final product by its parts, orders their delivery to operators, keeps track of inventory positions in all stages of production, and determines what is needed to add to existing inventories† (Karmarkar, 1989). Through such products as SAP and Oracle, MRP II has led to additional advancements such as ERP. An ERP system consists of a suite of software modules, where each module is usually responsible for a separate business function. Its functionality has increased by new software capabilities; however the core planning and control assumptions that underline these packages have developed less rapidly (Steven son, 2005). Case Study: Rolls Royce One of the world’s largest manufacturers of the gas turbines is Rolls Royce. Their products are used to in civil aircraft, military aircraft, fast ships and power generation in addition to many other uses. Typically each product has around 25,000 parts as they are exceptionally complex products, and have hundreds of assemblies and sub-assemblies. Moreover, their production is equally complex with thousands of work centres in many different locations and over 600 external suppliers. Rolls Royce was one of the earliest users of computers to help with the task due to the complexity of planning and controlling their manufacture. Conventionally the company developed its won systems and software. The company then decided on implementing a standard ERP system, which was supplied by SAP and was their best selling R/3 product. This system offered a number of advantages over the approach previously used within the company. Significantly, it was an of f-the-shelf system that would force the company to implement a standardised and disciplined approach. Ultimately the entire organisation would use a singular modular database that would reduce duplication and errors. â€Å"There was an extensive data clean up to ensure accuracy and integrity of existing information, and all existing processes were reviewed and standardisedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Within operations we have already seen a significant reduction in inventory, improved customer service, and substantially improved business information and controls.† (Slack, 2004)

Skill Enhancement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Skill Enhancement - Assignment Example In addition, we need PowerPoint because it eliminates most of the boredom found in presentations such as lectures, where the presenter just states information without creativity, which is monotonous. PowerPoint also creates room for creativity as it needs the information found in a presentation to be organized appropriately for clarity and order. Question 3 A hyperlink is a reference that appears as a link leading one to another piece of information or file that can be directly followed by opening the hyperlink. A hyperlink can be created by using the insert menu to insert a hyperlink, and it can also be created by using the auto format feature and the tools menu, where one clicks on autocorrect then clicks on auto format as you type. The next step is checking the box in the replace you type pane in internet and network paths and clicking okay. Question 4 A transition is an effect that allows two separate scenes to merge and appear to be continues, and examples of transitions include dissolve, fade, wipe, morph and cut. Question 5 Seven categories of search engines and examples include Crawler-based search engines- Google.com Human-powered directories- Yahoo.com Meta-search engines- Metacrawler.com Vertical- Business.com Sponsored- Kanoodle.com Hybrid- Yahoo.com Specialty Search Engines Question 6 The three arguments for moral justification of private property in favour of intellectual property include claims of ownership based on the owner of the work having worked for the property, which means that it is a product of the person. The second argument for intellectual property is that one must seek permission to use the intellectual property prior to using it, and intellectual property becomes property of the society through permission of its use. The third argument is that intellectual property belongs to its maker and must therefore not be reproduced as a new item and should therefore be permitted before its reproduction. Question 7 Plagiarism is the use of an other author’s work without the permission of the author, where the work includes ideas, language and even expressions where the person using the works without authorization presents the work as his or her own original work. There are different types of plagiarism including deliberate plagiarism where one copies the work of another author directly, word for word and passes it as his own such as an entire book with a changed title and author. Another type is paraphrasing where the author takes ideas and words from the original author, then inserts quotes and citations. Another form of plagiarism is patchwork and paraphrasing, where the author puts together ideas and expressions from different authors, and puts them together then passes them off as their own. The last one is self-plagiarism, where one copies his or her own work from a previous version of it and edits it to appear new. Question 8 A blog is a website in which information is frequently updated, and the information is presented in a reverse chronological order, and features opinions and information of interest to the person maintaining the blog. Blogging in education can be used to share experiences on academic progress for students. It can also be used to share assignments for those who did not attend classes, where those who miss classes can find their homework there. Blogging can also be used to enhance communication between the teacher and his or her students as it provides a platform that is

Youth justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime Essay

Youth justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime - Essay Example Youth justice provides justice to juvenile offenders who are legally not old enough or under 18 years of age. The main purpose of Youth justice or juvenile justice is to provide rehabilitation services to the youngsters rather punishing them. The basic aim of providing rehabilitation services to the youngsters is to prohibit them from future crimes and to lower down their criminal activities. Positive assistance is provided them to them by the involvement of their parents, social workers and probation officers in order to bring the positive changes in the behaviors of the young offenders and to prevent them from any other criminal activities in future. Youth justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime: an analysis As discussed earlier, juvenile criminal activities are becoming the matter of growing concern for all the legal bodies around the world. Governments are taking special care and interest to minimize the causes of crime and to inhibit the criminal behavior in the youngsters. Recent riots in England have clearly showed the mental stability and the growing aggressive behavior in the young generation of England. ... ifferent criminologists, criminal activities involve all the public wrong doings committed by the teenagers falling into the age bracket of 12 to 20 years. There are several factors that sociologists believe are responsible for shaping such delinquent behavior in younger generation such as influence of the society, peer pressure and violation of different societal and moral norms. Some children are observed growing with antisocial behavior which may be the root cause of all the criminal activities. It has been observed that juvenile delinquent behavior is most common in age groups of 14 years while it is least in age groups of 17 years (Gilmore, 1990). Factors Contributing in Juvenile Delinquent Behavior: Our society emphasizes on punishing the offender for his crime rather than the cause that made him commit that crime and unless the root cause of the crime is eliminated; this problem will never be solved. Few of the most important factors that contribute in provoking and creating t he criminal mindset are: 1- Economic and Social Factors: Criminal behavior is the outcome of pessimistic consequences of social and economical development. Economic and political instability and weak state institutions are responsible for giving rise to criminal behavior. Among other factors; high unemployment rates and low incomes are also included. Such circumstances may provoke the involvement of young people in criminal activities. 2- Cultural Factors: Criminal behavior may also be the outcome of extraordinary efforts to fit in the society one is living in and to meet that standard one can be willing to go at any limits at that point in time one may fail to distinguish between the right and the wrong. Just to meet the status quo, one may be willing to commit any crime to any limit. It

Career Action Plan and Self Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Action Plan and Self Reflection - Essay Example anagement Trainee before he/she can become a Department Manager, a Senior Department manager, an Assistant Store Manager, and finally a Store Manager (Primark, 2013a). To qualify as a Store Manager, the key competencies for the job includes hands-on experiences on how to manage a retail store outlet (i.e. sales floor, merchandising, cash office, stock room training, and HR management), good leadership skills, knowledge on health and safety issues, policies and procedures as well as consumer and employee legislations (Primark, 2013a). Considering the key competencies needed in becoming a Store Manager, this report will give me the opportunity to undergo the process of self-evaluation. Using the first report assignment as a basis of my self-evaluation, I will present a personal analysis, gap analysis, career action plan, and CV preparation in this report. Prior to conclusion, a self-reflection with regards to the development of my team working skills will be provided in details. Because of my past and current work experiences, I believe that I have strong skills, knowledge, and experiences not only when it comes to dealing with customer concerns but also in terms of managing people. Since August 2010 up to November 2011, I was working as a sales assistant in one of Nike’s retail store outlets in London. Working with this company has definitely taught me a lot about how the retail industry works. Since I used most of my time dealing with customers in trying to find out what exactly they need in a pair shoes, I realized that most of their choices are highly dependent not only on the quality of shoes but also in terms of its performance and fashion design. Between January 2011 up to August 2012, I was employed by FNOT Cars. With this company, I was able to enhance further my ability to deal with different customers each day. The fact that I was given the responsibility to assign tasks to some drivers somehow improves my leadership and communication skil ls. (See

General Electric (GE) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

General Electric (GE) - Assignment Example There are numerous core competencies and capabilities of the company which act as the major drivers of success and sustainability of the business in the global corporate segment. The success of General Electric has been rooted to the use of effective corporate and strategic management systems in the business. The company has also been revitalised from time to time through the induction of adopting and self-confidence tools like Change Acceleration Process (CAP) to different types of business units in the various industries of operation for the segments of the conglomerate (Chaffee, 2005). General Electric was the first ever company in the global frontier which systematically applied multiple strategic and corporate management concepts and strategies simultaneously within the business verticals. The success and strong performance of GE has also been driven by other factors like strong corporate portfolio management functions, management of talent and movement of ideas (Cameron, 2012). The adoption of three key companywide performed and growth initiatives including Six Sigma Quality, services and globalization have enabled GE to integrate higher levels of sustainability in the business. Another core capability of the company is that many of the large business segments of the business are able to differentiate their outputs with the production of high quality goods and services while at the same time controlling the costs of operations incurred for per unit of the produced goods.

8_Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative Research Plan Paper

8_Sampling Strategy and Sample Size for a Qualitative Plan - Research Paper Example s are both the librarians and the library users, meaning that the study does not seek to obtain a sample from an unknown general population, which would in turn require that the sample is generalized to represent the entire population (McCabe, 2005). While the challenges facing funding and sustainability of library service is a common challenge for different libraries in different states, each library has its own unique challenges, which may not be generalized. Therefore, the aim of the study is not to obtain a representative sample of the population, but a sample that is unique to the Clayton County Library System (CCLS), in terms of exposure, usage and experiences. This is because; it is only such a sample that would be in a position to give both comprehensive and reliable information regarding the library. Thus, instead of seeking to have a sample population that can be inferred to represent the general population, the main target of the study is to delve into the intricacies of the experiences of the librarians and the library users, as a means of reaching an informed conclusion regarding the sustainability of Clayton County Library, so that a diversified structure of funding can then be recommended, based on this informatio n. Therefore, since the study is neither seeking a representative sample nor targeting generalization, the application of the purposive sampling strategy under non-probability sampling method is recommended for the study. The selection of a representative sample for this study is important, to ensure that the information gathered through the interviewing process is not biased. However, this is a secondary requirement as far as this study is concerned, considering that the main objective of the case study is to obtain as detailed information as possible, regarding the experiences of both the librarians and the library users. Obtaining experiences does not pose any major risk of biases, considering that sensitive information regarding the

Homelessness and the Failure of the Welfare System Essay

Homelessness and the Failure of the Welfare System - Essay Example In his time on the streets, he speaks of Billy Jack, a longtime homeless person who has recently gotten out of jail after five years. For him, being homeless is a matter of pride and a sense of place. He panhandles, he drinks wine, and he waits every morning for the Sally Ann truck to come by with breakfast and clothing. He is settled in his routine. The Parkdale recreation centre in Toronto is a shelter for the homeless, but, according to Stackhouse, public opinion does not consider these people homeless. Some have mental problems; some, such as Jim, have at least a part-time job. Jim works to supplement his disability income and believes that working is a way to be healthier. What constitutes a homeless person Is it simply a matter of not have a mailing address or is it based on income Stackhouse says: When I had set out a week earlier to live homeless, I did not expect to be eating pancakes and sausage for breakfast and pastries before bed, or to earn $20 an hour simply by sitting on the ground with a cardboard sign in front of me (233). On the other side of the coin, Stackhouse goes on to mention his surprise at how much crack passes through the shelters considered representative of public goodwill. He also makes note of the fact that as he moves from one shelter to another, he is apt to see the same people, who are also moving. Some shelters are better than others, for instance in an affluent area of Toronto, Stackhouse talks with an overnight guest, who apologizes for being there and says he knows he shouldn't be. He has a truck, hauls scrap metal to dumps, and makes about $600 to $700 a week. The problems, Stackhouse has discovered, are more psychological than physical and often not related to simply shelter for the homeless. To be homeless, according to Stackhouse, is to be without a stable environment. He quotes one homeless man in this affluent shelter who says: "This is a real traditional neighborhood (comparing it with his transient existence). I bet these people never have to go anywhere" (232). Refutation of Opposing Argument It is said by some that the homeless do not have the resources, opportunities and skills they need to go back to the main society. Jack Layton, president of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, offers a more academic view of homelessness in his rebuttal of Stackhouse's article. But instead of looking at the specific details of Stackhouse's experience, Layton makes this a personal vendetta, ignoring the underlying implications in the reporter's series. The situations referred to by Layton are that, after one week outdoors, Stackhouse claims, according to Layton, that public resources are used by crack dealers, that beggars earn professional wages and that there is "more free food than the homeless can eat" (Layton, 235). Although Layton implies that he is quoting from the article, the phrase about free food is not even in it, which immediately weakens his argument. Layton does admit that emergency shelters alone are not the answer, but his only reference to the personal aspects of the homeless is their need for more respect. He seems to consider money and

The role of German military in implementing Nazism Essay

The role of German military in implementing Nazism - Essay Example The Allies had controlled the size of the German military through the Treaty of Versailles, in hope that through controlling the re-constitution of the German military, the chances of German aggression against its perceived political enemies from World War I would come to an end. The coming into power of Adolf Hitler saw the renunciation of the treaty of Versailles just two years into power, and the consequence was the growth, expansion and re-creation of the German military, with the military that previously consisted of only 21 divisions growing into over 100 divisions, and thousands of smaller units during the Nazism regime period between 1935 and 1945 . The end of 1945 saw over 13 million Germans serving in the German military, compared to only 100,000 people who constituted the German military in 1933. Thus, it is the German military, more than any other arm or institution, which was responsible for the implementation of the Nazism ideologies through military force and combat, r esulting in the successful thriving of Nazism in Germany . Part II: How Germany implemented the HolocaustThe first step towards the implementation of Holocaust in Germany was the implementation of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, which sought to maintain the purity of the German blood by restricting any form of intermarriages between the Germans and the Jews .   In addition, the laws also deprived the Jews of the German citizenship, while also prohibiting the Jews from having non-Jewish maids, and also outlawing.

Qantas Cas Notes Essay Example for Free

Qantas Cas Notes Essay Analyse and interpret data Maintain Qantas/Jetstars combined domestic market share of 65% Match capacity with demand sustaining loads around 80% Grow Jetstar in Asia Increase internet sales Increase customer service standards Enhance complementary portfolio businesses like Freight Reduce losses of Qantas international Transform Qantas International for focusing on right aircraft, right route, network optimisation and margin improvement Grow their frequent flyer program members and partners Market Segmentation and Selection of the Target Market Qantas market segmentation is complex because each segment has distinctive and different needs and expectations, such as the need to make stop-overs, the ability to pay fare levels and expectations in terms of in-flight service and comfort. Qantas mainly uses behavioural segmentation to select its target markets. Buyers are distinguished according to trip purpose e. . business and leisure/non-business travellers. Marketing Strategies Positioning Formulating the Marketing Mix Product Strategies Scheduling features Comfort-based features I ne Qantas Frequent Hyer scneme (H- Intangible benefits Brand name Price Cost plus margin: Qantas determines the cost of production and then adds a margin for profit Market: most fares at Qantas are determined by the market, where demand is matched with supply Competition based: monitoring what other airlines such as Virgin Blue are charging Pricing Strategies Price penetration Full Fares Promotional Fares Loss Leading Promotiono Advertising Sales promotions particularly in periods of subdued demand. When Qantas first launched Jetstar it released 100,000 tickets at $49. Qantas also launches a two-for- one ticket sale, which allowed a second passenger to fly for the cost of taxes and charges. Personal selling Publicity Place/Distribution Distribution to end customers is achieved by Qantas in two ways, direct and indirect. DIRECT via its own retail outlets INDIRECT via sales agents People Because most customers have direct contact with Qantas employees, especially on he ground, the impression they give has a big impact on how Qantas is perceived. Qantas staff must have appropriate personal attributes and training for their Jobs. Qantas spends more that $275 million a year on staff training to ensure a very positive interaction between its customers. Processes Booking flights online Online check in Mobile check in cnecK In KIOSK Physical Evidence Qantas customers are influences by Qantas signage, its website, its terminals, its lounges, etc. E-Marketing uses an electronic medium to perform marketing activities, e. g. website, email. Global Marketing is the use of marketing activities across national boundaries. Qantas uses: Global Branding Standardisation Customisation Implementing, Monitoring and Controlling the Marketing Plan Qantas has a systematic base for continually monitoring, controlling and adjusting its marketing activities using the following tools: Developing a financial forecast of revenue using statistical models, past sales data, executive Judgement and surveys of customer buying intentions. It then estimates costs such as market research costs, promotion costs, product development costs and distribution costs. Comparing actual and planned results using a number of performance criteria.

Comparrative Essay of Cooking Programs Essay Example for Free

Comparrative Essay of Cooking Programs Essay â€Å"Nigella Bites† And â€Å"Surfing the Menu† are two cooking programmes that share the same end result of delicious foods, but are very different in the contrasting aspects of social context, form and purpose which all help to reflect the cooking styles and personalities of their hosts. The atmosphere and contents of both shows generally appeal to the audiences of a different social status and/or age group. Set in Britain, the programme â€Å"Nigella Bites† appeals to an audience who belong to more of a winter climate. Each episode is formatted as a very comfortable and inviting home movie, using amateur camera work making it look more personal and family orientated. The show is filmed in Nigella’s own house and kitchen allowing her audience to feel welcomed. Images and visuals of illustrated foods and vibrant pink colours are shown throughout the opening credits with Jazz music engagingly flowing in the background. Many of her episodes begin with the view of a freezing British winter day/night and then follow onto Nigella being in the warmth of her own home. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† is a travelogue formatted programme set in Australia which promotes different towns and locations around the country in each episode. Along with catching/acquiring their own ingredients before cooking their meals, the hosts Curtis Stone and Ben O’Donoghue aka â€Å"Bender† also make sure to interact with the culture of each location they shoot in, making the Programme very relaxed as well as educational to the viewers. The opening credits consist of a range of photo shots and bright colours that go with the themes of the tourism and the outdoors. While the boys are traveling cameras makes sure to capture different angles and views of the scenery, including aerial views of the land around them. The atmosphere for each show is evidently contrasted; â€Å"Nigella Bites† is more of a matured cooking programme compared to the jovial attitude of â€Å"Surfing the Menu†. Both shows have very different exterior climates which appeal to different audiences: Nigella pursues the comforts of the indoor warmth compared to the blistering cold of its winters outside. This tends to attract those who like to spend their time inside during the cold/wet days, such as women and mothers living in a winter climate wanting to create more wholesome and warm meals for their friends and families. Nigella showcases a particular social lifestyle that represents the enjoyment involved in cooking and preparing meals for the ones that are dear to her. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† however attracts, and is more of a target to those who are more outgoing, young and interested in the experience of Australia’s summer cultures. Both international and Australians viewers are drawn in by the advertised beauty of the scenery captured during each episode because of all the multicultural nature and Australian cuisine involved, advertising tourism within the country. Nigella is portrayed as a very family orientated and homely person who always enjoys her food and loves to cook. She has a proper upper-class British accent and speaks in a husky, somewhat seductive voice. Nigella is currently in her late thirties and is seen as very sophisticated to her viewers, usually she cooks on her own but once her meal is cooked and ready she shows her serving and sharing the meals with her children and/or all of her family and friends. The way that she describes her ingredients and recipes along with the terminology she uses such as â€Å"stunning†, â€Å"simply beautiful† and â€Å"absolutely gorgeous† makes it sound as if she is in love with what she is making, the endearment and emphasis she puts in makes her so believable and intriguing. Nigella tends to mainly use informal measurements and verbs to describe what she is doing which remind you of how a mother figure would teach you how to cook. Ben and Curtis on the other hand are completely different to Nigella, ‘typical Aussie blokes’ is what they are stereotyped as. Both in their mid-twenties, always wearing informal and comfortable ‘beach clothing’ and using a lot of Australian ‘slang’ such as â€Å"Mate† and â€Å"Chuck it on the barbie† the boys give off a very relaxed and casual feeling to their viewers. The meals that Nigella prepares are heavy winter foods which are more time consuming but are perfect for those who have the time and love to cook. The â€Å"Surfing the Menu† recipes on the other hand are light summer foods that are quick and easy to prepare. Nigella makes sure her cupboards are full of all the different ingredients that she uses and she then gives her viewers an insight of the different things that she likes to always make sure she has stocked, what they can be used for and why they come in handy for her to have around. Curtis and Ben use ingredients that are imported into the local stores such as stir-fry noodles that they cook on an Australian barbeque, along with many other ingredients that they go out and personally collect from the local produce or catch on their own in each episode. As well as collecting their own ingredients from each place they visit, each meal they prepare always relates to the location they’re in making the programme even more entertaining and educational. Typical cooking program camera techniques are used throughout both programs â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† these techniques include: close-ups on the hands on action with the food preparation, and snap shots throughout the shows that are used to cut out the un-necessary preparation time and skip straight to the cooking, then to the completed meals. To show their personalities and connect with their audience both of the programmes hosts make sure to speak and look directly towards/into the camera whenever possible. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† also uses aerial shots during the car travels to capture the different scenery around them. Highlighted sounds of the cooking appliances and food being prepared are accompanied by soft music underneath throughout each episode in both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† to draw more attention to what they are doing. The contrasting features between both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† such as; social context, form, purpose, audiences and the atmosphere differ due to the personalities and cooking styles of their hosts. Nigella’s show expresses her love for warm homely meals and cooking for her family and friends during the cold British winters and the programme is filmed as a home movie style, which gives off an inviting comfortable feel to her audience. Curtis and Ben’s show however, reflects on the adventures and experiences of local cultures during the warm Australian summer days and is filmed as a travelogue. Both of the programmes hosts have very similar camera etiquettes and happy/warm, engaging mannerisms.

System Application and Product Training Effectiveness

System Application and Product Training Effectiveness CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview of the study This section gives overview of the study of SAP training satisfaction in Felda Authority and Development Board (FELDA) and the impact that SAP brings towards accounting processes in FELDA, including the rationale, brief past literature, reasons for carrying out this study and significance contribution of this study. (ERP) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are software systems that enable companies to enjoy real time business environment and share common data across the organization (i.e. Gargeya and Brady, 2005, Spathis and Constantinides, 2003, Nah et al., 2001) that assure able to meet business requirement (Bradley and Lee, 2007). ERP systems are commonly used to replace legacy systems which require high maintenance (Bradley and Lee, 2007). There are many selections of ERP. However, the top five ERP system vendors are System Application and Product (SAP), Peoplesoft, Oracle, J.D. Edwards and Baan (Equey and FragniÃÆ' ¨re, 2008). Little and Best (2003) sum up majority of international organizations range from medium to large sizes have adopted ERP. Of these, the most popular choice is won by SAP R/3 (Little and Best (2003). (SAP) System Application and Product (SAP) R/3 is an ERP system (Little and Best, 2003), originally developed and marketed in Germany. In the 1990s, SAP became better recognized outside Germany and attracted many companies due to its various benefits and functionalities (Martin and Cheung, 2000). It is comprised of a collection of modules including financial accounting, sales and distribution, materials management, production planning and human resources (i.e. Martin and Cheung, 2000, Finney and Corbett (2007). All modules are integrated with each other (i.e. Little and Best, 2003, Nah et al., 2001). The R/3 smoothen the progress of monitoring and controlling job, where it can be designed to be fit with companies roles and assigned to users performing these roles (Little and Best, 2003). (How ERP works) As found by Gupta (2000), traditional systems take care of each business transaction separately. Amazingly, ERP discontinues treating these transactions individually. More astonishingly, data generated by various departments are stored in the same database for the use of multiple users, from multiple units, for multiple purposes at multiple places (Gupta, 2000). A transaction generated by one unit can automatically updates any other unitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ transaction. The interconnections ensure that common information in a unit can be obtained by any other unit. This also brings means that ERP allows real time data processing (Vathanopas, 2007, Gupta, 2000, Nah et al., 2001). However, these functionalities require involvement and support of all level of employees from top management downward to shop-level employees (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). (Benefit SAP-6) R/3 helps in separating duties in an organization (Little and Best, 2003). Other than R/3 usefulness, one of ERPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s major strengths includes the restructuring companies to a better position (Nah et al., 2001, Willis and Willis-Brown; 2002; Kim et al.; 2005; Hong Seng Woo, 2007). While ERP may empower management and serve employees, customers and suppliers needs (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002), this may lead to greater companies value (Spathis and Constantinides, 2003). The study of Spathis and Constantinides (2003) prove ERP offer huge significant benefits on accounting information and management processes. In addition to that, the sample company in Amoako-Gyampah (2004) study of which a healthcare products organization with over 20,000 employees worldwide chose SAP R/3 as they claim SAPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s tight integration philosophy met their business need for integration. Furthermore, ERP offer seamless data integration or cross-functional within the c ompanies (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). This corroborates the purpose of ERP where it is designed to provide one common source of data. Lastly, ERP adopters may enjoy the productions of real-time data which is shared across the organization (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004, Mustacello and Chen, 2008; Finney and Corbett, 2007). (Cost SAP -6) Perhaps, one of its shortcomings is the pain during implementation (Gargeya and Brady, 2005). For the adopters, the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s long term implementation process may cause fatigue and dissatisfaction. Worse, this also may cause imperfect system design and testing (Trimi et al., 2005). Moreover, the greatest disadvantage of an ERP system (Trimi et al, 2005) is stiff and expensive to implement (Bradley and Lee, 2007, Gargeya and Brady, 2005, Spathis and Constantinides, 2003). Implementation costs include software, hardware, consultant fees, cost for staff to operate the system and the very large cost component of user training (Trimi et al. 2005). This leads to over budget, in average of 189 percent for many companies, especially failed projects (Gargeya and Brady, 2005). The complexity of the system is another major complaint (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002, Bradley and Lee, 2007). Consequently, companies will face high resistant to change from employee s (Spathis and Constantinides, 2003) as employees do not insist to learn new ERP system due to its non-user friendly features compared to old system (Bradley and Lee, 2007, Pijpers and Montfort, 2006). (CSF) With all the costs and disadvantages of ERP, increasingly we hear of the fall short of ERP implementations (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002, Nah et al., 2001, Finney and Corbett, 2007; Gargeya and Brady, 2005). Resultantly, there has been long-drawn-out investigate concerning on critical success factors (CSF) of ERP implementations (Finney and Corbett, 2007; Gargeya and Brady, 2005, Kim et al., 2005, Hong Seng Woo, 2007; Mustacello and Chen, 2008). Accordingly, as suggest in prior literature, in order to ensure success of SAP implementation, CSF needs to be identified (Nah et al., 2001; Finney and Corbett, 2007; Kim et al., 2005, Hong Seng Woo, 2007); Gargeya and Brady, 2005; Mustacello and Chen, 2008). These factors may act as impediment and in worse case may be the focal grounds of a failure of implementation project (i.e. Nah, Lau and Kuang, 2001; Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). Finney and Corbett (2007) who compile and analyze current literature of CSFs of ERP implementation, found five mostly cited categories. It includes top management commitment and support, business process reengineering (BPR) and change management, system development and testing, training and education and the best and brightest project team. This study will add up this list focusing on good project management (Nah et al. 2001, Kim et al.; 2005, Gargeya and Brady, 2005, Hong Seng Woo; 2007, Mustacello and Chen, 2008), proper planning (Finney and Corbett, 2007; Gargeya and Brady, 2005, Nah et al. 2001), effective communication (Finney and Corbett, 2007; Hong Seng Woo, 2007; Mustacello and Chen, 2008, Nah et al. 2001), feedback from employees (Nah et al., 2001; Finney and Corbett, 2007) and monitoring and eva luating performance (Nah et al., 2001; Finney and Corbett, 2007). (Importance of training) To outweigh the implementation costs, sufficient training should be given to employees. The training effort is ample and is a challenge to deliver effectively in a timely manner (Martin and Cheung, 2000). Trainings help companies by offering a smoother transition for the employees to accept the new system. Vathanophas (2007) argued there can be a hierarchical level of ERP training. The ERP consultants first train the IT staff that in turn train the individual departmental representatives or key users. These key users then teach their own departmental users or end users. It can be said that ERP implementations can be more successful if training is structured and focused. Training should give rise to satisfaction feel among users to boost their confidence level. (TAM) Theoretically, the technology acceptance model by Davis, suggests successful implementation requires user acceptance (Bradley and Lee, 2007). Since ERP is such a complex technology (Gargeya and Brady, 2005), organizations undertake training as an approach to gain the advantage of technology acceptance. Thus, this study seeks to explore the relationship of training to ERP project success (i.e. accounting processes). The variables used are: User perception of ease of use User perception of usefulness (Job position and business division) Job position and business division may theoretically see to influence SAP training satisfaction (Okpara, 2004). Differences are widely known to augment in the perceptions and attitudes of different hierarchical organizational members toward innovations and technology (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). Managers perceived that technology would be easier to use compared to end users (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). Concerning the need for more training and education, Bradley and Lee (2007) found that all level of employees show the need for more training. While difference job position gives different perception on ERP training, Ifinedo (2007) reported a positive relationship between organizational structures that facilitate ERP adoption. As a consequence, ERP will be less successful in companies where tasks are less specialized and organizational tasks are not properly segregated. (Accounting processes) ERP provide huge benefits to accounting processes in company (Spathis and Constantinides, 2004). ERP systems provide companies the ability to improve business processes by integrating both financial and non-financial data among all functional areas within an organization. The study of Spathis and Constantinides (2004) highly rated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“increased flexibility in information generationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“increased integration of accounts applicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“improved quality of reports-financial statementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? as perceived accounting benefits may be achieved in using ERP system. Problem statement (Present situation) To remain competitive, FELDA have undertaken business process re-engineering of using SAP to replace the old legacy system. Throughout the Felda Group of Companies (FGOC), the implementation is executed by phase, since 2002. Currently, 20 companies are formally using SAP and have formal SAP system in place. (Wrong with present situation) Numerous complaints received by the Customer Support Centre in term of the complexity of the system. Many problems logged at Customer Support Centre, requiring guidance on the use of the system. Worst, the problems logged are rising especially during account closing or stock count. Although training prior to implementations had been conducted, many refresh training after the implementations are requested by different companies independently. Many employees of finance unit claim SAP make daily job become difficult due to complexity of SAP. For instance, they feel reporting purpose using SAP takes time to perform. Yet, some of them feel SAP really helps especially during account closing. Countless criticisms on these harms, blaming on the several major issues faced during implementation of SAP were not fully solved. (Needs to be done) Consequently, this study seeks whether users of different groups of employees (i.e. job position and business division) are satisfied on the adequacy of SAP training given by Felda Prodata Systems Sdn. Bhd. (FPSSB) and external consultants. Moreover, the impact of SAP on accounting processes will be explored. Research objectives The main objectives of this study is to examine whether users (i.e. staff of finance department in FELDA) are satisfied on the adequacy of training given prior and post the implementation. The breakdown objectives of this study are: To determine the critical success factors of SAP implementation in FELDA. 1H- H01 To gain insight on perception of groups of employees (i.e. job position and business division) of finance department in FELDA on training adequacy. 2H- H02, H03 To analyze the relation between training and education satisfaction, and perceptions of ease of use and perception of usefulness (i.e. effectiveness and efficiency) on SAP system in the finance department in FELDA. 1H- H04 To explore the impact of SAP implementation on the accounting processes at FELDA. 1H- H05 4 Research questions What are the critical success factors in implementing SAP in FELDA?  · Do different groups of employees (i.e. job position and business division) of finance departments in FELDA perceive training adequacy differently?  · Do training and education satisfaction have impact on perceptions of ease of use and perception of usefulness (i.e. effectiveness and efficiency) on SAP system in the finance department in FELDA?  · How does the implementation of SAP affect the accounting processes at FELDA? Definition of terms Satisfaction of user on the SAP training will act as the independent variable. The dependant variables are the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) of SAP. Davis (1989) cited in Bradley and Lee (2007) explains the perceived usefulness is attributed by efficiency (perform job faster) and effectiveness (achieve desired results in performing the job). There are other variables use in this study to look for differences in perception of training satisfaction, including job position and business division. Overview of research methodology SAPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s website lists many of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest companies as its clients (Trimi et al. 2005). To remain competitive (Spathis and Constantinides, 2003), FELDA have undertaken the Felda Group of Companies (FGOC), the implementation is executed by phase, since 2002. Currently, 22 subsidiaries are formally using SAP and have formal SAP system in place. FELDA face many problems in installing SAP such as resistance to change among employees and useless training which did not achieve the purpose it brings (Bradley and Lee, 2007). The data collected is from Felda Group of Companies (FGOC) who formally used SAP in place. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of training satisfaction on use and usefulness. ANOVA was used on survey data to look for difference in perception of training satisfaction by job position and business divisions. Significance of this study This study is interesting to examine as to fill in the gap in the literature by providing empirical evidence on the adequacy of SAP training conducted at FELDA and the impact on accounting benefits that SAP brought in. FELDA organization may use it in improving their business operation activities. It is a hope that this study can also be used by other companies in dealing with ERP implementation. Summary As FELDA is using SAP system formally, this study focuses on SAP training satisfaction in FELDA in relation to the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use among finance department staff in FELDA. The CSFs of SAP implementation and its impact on FELDAsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ accounting processes are also explored. Regardless of the seamless integration offered in a real-time environment, ERP also badly comes with numerous disadvantages including cost overruns, fatigue implementation and less user-friendly characteristics. By proposing a model on the basis of the Technology Acceptance Model by Davis, this study hopes to support any existing literature on the adequacy or appropriateness of SAP training and the impact on accounting benefits. Organization of dissertation This study is organized as follows. Chapter 1 briefly highlights the literature review, research methodology, rationale and reasons for carrying out this study. Chapter 2 debates literature reviews on previous studies related to SAP. This is followed by Chapter 3 on the research methodology adopted in this study. Chapter 4 describes and discusses the findings of the study. The final chapter concludes with major findings, limitations of the study and recommendations on future research. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter reviews the literature concerning ERP and SAP definition as well as past studies conducted on benefits and costs of ERP and SAP, and the need of training on ERP. Related literature describes userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s satisfaction on ERP training and the impact of job position and business division on perceive ness of SAP training adequacy. The chapter then highlights some theories relevant to the ERP impact on accounting processes. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) come into view as a system for a whole business that offer to share data throughout the entire organization, generate and access information in a real time world (Vathanopas, 2007, Gupta, 2000, Trimi et al., 2005, Finney and Corbett, 2007; Gargeya and Brady, 2005, Kim et al., 2005, Hong Seng Woo, 2007; Mustacello and Chen, 2008, Nah et al., 2001) five years ago (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). It is one of the most popular software system emerged in this world (Hong Seng Woo, 2007). Realizing its huge benefits, ERP systems have been widely implemented by numerous firms throughout the world (i.e. Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002, Gupta, 2000). According to Equey and FragniÃÆ' ¨re (2008), as at 2001, there are more than 100 ERP suppliers. Of these, only five are the current market leader, of which System Application and Product (SAP), Peoplesoft, Oracle, J.D. Edwards and Baan. Little and Best (2003) sum up majority of international organizations range from medium to large sizes have adopted ERP. And again, of these, the most popular choice is won by SAP R/3 (Little and Best (2003). System Application and Product (SAP) The call for for ERP systems has permit SAP R/3 to dominate the ERP system market (Little and Best, 2003). SAP was opted in reorganization project of large companies in 16 countries in Europe (Martin and Cheung, 2000). Soliman and Youssef (1998) highlight, according to a Fortune magazine survey, there are over 7,000 companies in 50 different countries using the SAP R/3 system. While SAP R/3 is currently the most leading ERP system (Little and Best, 2003), industry watchers and consultants rated SAP as the best system that able to fit with companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s requirement (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). SAP R/3 is an ERP (Little and Best, 2003). It is an integrated software system, originally developed and marketed in Germany (Martin and Cheung, 2000). It a product of the German software company, SAP AG. (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). In the 1990s, SAP became better known outside Germany (Martin and Cheung, 2000). Its centre of attraction is its high level integration and vast functionality (i.e. Amoako-Gyampah, 2004, Gupta, 2000). It is comprised of a collection of modules including financial accounting, materials management, sales and distribution, production planning and human resources (i.e. Martin and Cheung, 2000, Finney and Corbett, 2007). All modules are integrated with each other (i.e. Nah et al., 2001). The R/3 means that facilitates the monitoring and controlling job, where it can be designed to be fit with companies roles and assigned to users performing these roles (Little and Best, 2003). How ERP works Old system or ERP perform the same function of storing data and information, process and present them whenever requested by user. However, for traditional system, there is no link between the systems being used by different departments or units. According to Gupta (2000), traditional systems take care of each business transaction separately. An ERP does the same thing in a different modern manner. Surprisingly, ERP discontinues treating these transactions individually. Data generated by various departments are stored in the same database for the use of multiple users, from multiple departments, for multiple purposes at multiple places (Gupta, 2000). The software is capable to integrate data from several different functions of an organization such as finance, human resources, logistics, marketing and manufacturing (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). In simpler words, user from finance unit can view common data keyed in by human resources unit. ERP allows real time data processing (Vathanopas, 2007, Gupta, 2000, Nah et al., 2001). The emergence of ERP in early 1990 led to linkage between departments such as accounting and sales management (Gupta, 2000). For instance, a purchase order entered by procurement unit sends a materials request to store unit. At the same time, the purchase order transaction appears as an expense on general ledger. Supplier also can monitor latest stock level and whenever the materials run low, they can add the stock without having to be notified by client. The interconnections ensure that common information in a unit can be obtained by any other unit. This makes it simpler to see how the entire business as a whole is operating. ERP systems by their very nature offer cross-functional transact and information system (IS) is widely used in an organization. The wave of changes covers inside out the company where it modifies the way employees does their jobs and how the company operates (Hong Seng Woo, 2007). Hence, the implementation inevitably enquires the involvement of all level of employees from top management downward to shop-level employees (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). Benefits of ERP vs. cost ERP adopters seem to experience one or two opposite outcomes. For some, ERP aids in restructuring companies to a better position (Nah et al., 2001, Willis and Willis-Brown; 2002; Kim et al.; 2005; Hong Seng Woo, 2007). For instance, ERP may empower management and serve employees, customers and suppliers needs (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). This may bring greater companies value (Spathis and Constantinides, 2003). As found by Willis and Willis-Brown (2002), ERP facilitates companies in term of information pertaining to customers. Customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s data is collected such as pattern of orders, product preferences and any complaint or satisfaction received. Conversely, suppliers are responsible in monitoring their own inventory level supplied to their client. When the materials run low, they can add the stock without having to be notified by client. In contrast, employees may have facilities to take the ERP with them. This service is referred as mobile ERP, where it is one of the greatest opportunities today. One example is that ERP allows the setup of pricing and promotion programs automatically attached with invoicing and billing. In addition to that, the satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) technology offers another excellent opportunity. Companies can use the ERP system in better tracking the status of materials such as the movement of tagged inventory from receiving, work-in-process, inspection, packaging and distribution. R/3 helps in separating duties in an organization (Little and Best, 2003). The R/3 facilitates the monitoring and controlling job, where it can be designed consistent with companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ roles and assigned to users performing these roles. The SAP system itself restricts usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ access to certain functions within the system, which means that users have to be authorized to perform a certain action. These authorizations are associated with roles. And the roles are assigned to users. These authorizations are necessary for users or staffs to perform their duties. If a staffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s authorization profile contains no authorizations then the staff cannot have access to respective action on the system. ERP advantages have been well explained in the study of Spathis and Constantinides (2003). The study explores ERP system benefits on accounting information and management processes for companies adopting ERP system in Greece. The most highly rated perceived benefits achieved involve increase flexibility in information generation, improved quality of reports-financial statements, increased integration of applications and easy maintenance of databases. This clearly suggests that ERP has significant impact on accounting procedures. The evidences of Spathis and Constantinides (2003) study also support the argument that ERP is successful in fulfilling the adoptersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ business purposes and requirements. The integration of applications, the production of real-time information for decision making, improves both accounting information and business operations. The sample company in Amoako-Gyampah (2004) study of which a healthcare products organization with over 20,000 employees worldwide chose SAP R/3 as they claim SAPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s tight integration philosophy met their business need for integration. ERP transaction systems meant to offer companies with seamless data integration and it appears that this benefit is likely to be understood by employees regardless of their position within the companies (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). The integration involved the automatically update of different modules at different locations within the organization at different time periods. For example, say ordering goods was being completed at one location, pricing was being started at another department and financials would have nearly been completed at another location. ERP are designed to eliminate multiple sources of data, eliminate multiple data entries and provide more accurate and timely data. This corroborates the purpose of ERP where it is designed to provide one common source of data. Companies adopting ERP enjoy integration business applications using real-time information. The productions of real-time data are shared across the organization. This is important in business environment where effectiveness and efficiency in operations and real-time data are among crucial factors for business success (Spathis and Constantinides, 2003). Consequently, generation of timely information improves decision making process, planning and monitoring of ERP adopters. Despite ERPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s promises, the greatest disadvantage of an ERP system (Trimi et al, 2005) is stiff and expensive to implement (Bradley and Lee, 2007, Gargeya and Brady, 2005, Spathis and Constantinides, 2003). In fact, Trimi et al. (2005) conclude ERP is expensive by their nature. Generally, software development represents about 80 percent of total implementation cost. Implementation costs include software, hardware, external consultant fees and internal staff for installation, and not to forget a very large cost spent on training of staff to operate the system. Studies have shown that, for every dollar spent on ERP software, 3 to 10 dollars might be required for the users training (Amoako-Gyampah, 2004). For the adopters, the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s long term implementation process may caused fatigue and dissatisfaction. Worse, the level of dissatisfaction appears to be arising (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). The main problem faced by ERP implementers is the decision to customize or not in suiting the system with the organization (Gupta, 2000). Company adopters will demand ERP to meet their needs. They spend excessive time trying to retrofit the business process to ERP. Thus, the companies which customize will end writing more code of which requiring more time and cost. It can be said that the changeover may take a longer time causing cost overruns (Spathis and Constantinides, 2003). Since most external consultants are charged on man-hour basis, project time overruns substantially inflate costs. Many companies, especially failed projects, found themselves over budget, in average of 189 percent (Gargeya and Brady, 2005). Inflating implementation costs that exceed budget has caused many companies to trim project efforts. Companies will then attempt relying heavily on limited-knowledge internal expertise. Generally, the decision was forced by over price set by external knowledgeable consultants. The result was improper setup and configuration (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). Theoretically, Trimi et al. (2005) see many projects failures as a result of imperfect design and implementation of the system. The lack of knowledgeable and skilled staff resulted in the failure to implement some very useful features or in a worse case, critical operations (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). For instance, the critical failure would be associated with the companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ability to rapidly respond to situation with real-time information. Given any new arises or major SAP upgrade (Gargeya and Brady, 2005), changes are required to respond throughout the system (Trimi et al., 2005, Gupta, 2000) probably denying many of unique customizing or specific business process related to the respective companies. Different companies are unique which they have different cultures, their own way of doing things, operates with different procedures and business requirements. They do not wish to be assimilated into one corporate culture. Companies carry their unique business pr ocess which requires unique ERP customizing. Gargeya and Brady (2005) found Sobeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, an $89 million Canadian grocery chain, abandoned the implementation process as it feel SAP could not handle its requirements. In a nutshell, planning an ERP project cannot be taken lightly (Gargeya and Brady, 2005). Another major complaint (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002) is the lack of user-friendly systems (Bradley and Lee, 2007). Few staffs may use the system as their perceptions of ease of use of the systems are set at a lower level. Personnel claim it is difficult to capture data at the inception of a particular transaction (Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). The main hurdle (Gupta, 2000) faced was high resistant to change (Spathis and Constantinides, 2003). Staffs do not insist to learn new technologies due to attachment to old system (Bradley and Lee, 2007, Pijpers and Montfort, 2006). Not surprisingly, many companies suffer guilt of making simplistic assumptions as they realized culture changes do not occur magically. These changes characterized by human psyche. If staffs are not ready or willing to change, change simply will not occur. Unisource, a $7 billion companies, terminate its SAP implementation plan due to internal problems of unable in dealing with cultural change (Gargeya and Brady, 2005). Critical success factor in implementation of ERP The difficulties and failure in implementing ERP have been widely cited in the literature (i.e. Nah, Lau and Kuang, 2001; Willis and Willis-Brown, 2002). For instance, Allied Waste Industries, Inc. decided to pull $130 million budgeted on SAP development and Waste Management, Inc., terminated SAP installation after spent about $45 million from expected $250 million on the project (Kim et al., 2005). Thus, it is important to identify predictors for the success of ERP implementation (Nah et al., 2001; Finney and Corbett, 2007; Kim et al., 2005, Hong Seng Woo, 2007); Gargeya and Brady, 2005; Mustacello and Chen, 2008). Critical success factor (CSF) can be defined as any element or situation that can be characterized as necessary in order to succeed in any ERP implementation (Finney and Corbett, 2007). Below are the list of CSFs which are widely debated in the literature (Nah, et al., 2001; Finney and Corbett, 2007; Kim et al., 2005, Hong Seng Woo, 2007); Gargeya and Brady, 2005; Mustacello and Chen, 2008). (Training and education) As ERP is not easy to use, training users in using ERP is important even for highly educated personnel or highly information technology (IT) skills personnel (Hong Seng Woo, 2007, Nah et al.; 2001, Mustacello and Chen; 2008, Gargeya and Brady ;2005, Finney and Corbett, 2007 and Gupta; 2000). Hong Seng Woo (2007), Nah et al. (2001) and Mustacello and Chen (2008) stress that sufficient training can help enlighten the opportunity for ERP system success. Heavy investment in training, support and education should be emphasized such as hands-on job (Finney and Corbett, 2007), on-site support staff and support centre (i.e. helpdesk, online user manual) (Nah et al., 2001). It is common that training effort is downplayed or ignored, because it does not provide huge quant

Impact of Fire on the Geology of Soils Essay -- Wildfires and Soil Geo

Fires are an important and healthy process in many ecosystems. The lack of fires can cause new plant communities to invade an area . The regular occurrence of fires can keep one plant community dominate, like oak savannas. Fires can leave burnt sticks the size of trees and clumps of charcoal where bunch grass use to grow, but not for long. An area that was burned will re-grow, grasslands will be green the next growing season and forests will typically show new growth soon after. Somewhere in the process of a fire the soil it travels over is effected. Alterations happen immediately after a fire passes over a soil and can continue years after a fire has gone. Soils are impacted in two main ways; by the entering of nutrients form the brunt organic matter (living vegetation and by the litter on the surface of the soil) and the heating of the soil and the nutrients already present in the soil. The greater the duration and intensity of the fire will influence the amount of alteration of th e soil. A prescribed burn is usually less intense than a wildfire. Prescribed burns are put on when conditions are right, meaning that the area is not too dry or too large. Wildfires on the other hand can start at any time and burn vast areas and last for days out of control. One reason wildfires usually are more intense than prescribed burns is because of the fire suppression that lasted most of this century allowed large amounts of fuel to pile up waiting to be burned. Vegetation in these areas will grow back regardless, but it is the soils that have a harder time recovering from the intense heat. One other difference to consider when looking at the types of fires, is a forest fire verses a grassland fire. Forest fires usually last longer and h... ... A., 1989, Effect of simulated forest fire on the availability of N and P in Mediterranean soils: Plant Soil. v. 120, p. 57-63. Mroz, G. D., Jurgensen, M. F., Harvey, A. E., and Larsen, M. J., 1980, Effects of fire on nitrogen in forest floor horizons: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 44, p. 395-400. Prieto-Fernandez, A., Villar, M. C., Carballas, M. and Carballas, T., 1993, Short-term effects of a wildfire on the nitrogen status and its mineralization kinetics in an Atlantic forest soil: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 25, p. 1657-1664. Ulery, A. L. and Graham, R. C., 1993, Forest fire effects on soil color and texture: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 57, p. 135-140. Ulery, A. L., Graham, R.C. and Bowen, L. H., 1996, Forest fire effects on phyllosilicates in California: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 60, p. 309-315.

Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act Essay -- Chinese Immigrants, Americ

Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act â€Å"Many Chinese immigrants falsely claimed American citizenship during the exclusion era†¦I’ve considered this question†¦ever since I learned that my American last name was different, in spelling and meaning, from my Chinese last name†¦ What’s in a name?† said Karen Lew, a community anchor at the Museum of Chinese in America. She discovered that her ancestors were forced to change their last names during the Chinese Exclusion Act to prevent deportation. Most believe that the Chinese Exclusion Act was a mistake from the American government. The Chinese Exclusion Act had an impact on not only the Chinese, but also most Asians Americans’ lives. In the year of 1848, a significant amount of gold was discovered in Sutter’s Mill. The gold rush not only made Eastern American labors to come to the West, but also caused a large amount of people in China to immigrate over in hopes of a fortune (Tien, Kelly). â€Å"Chinese workers then were willing to take jobs that no one else really wants to do,† stated Munson Kwok, president of the LA chapter of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance (qtd. in Los Angeles Times). As stated in Menlo’s Sun Server, when the American economy became unstable during the Panic of 1873, labors thought that the "working and low-paid" Chinese were receiving more money than they should, therefore reducing the non-Chinese workers’ wages. The Chinese eventually became scapegoats for the economic downfall, and the non-Chinese workers started propaganda against the Chinese, making cartoons and slogans like â€Å"Mark the man who would crush us to the level of the Mongolian slave.â €  Immigration taxes and laundry-operation fees were passed to limit Chinese population (Menlo’s Sun Server). Ultimately, ... .... "Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences." Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences. University of Chicago, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. United States v. Wong Kim Ark. United States Reports 169. Northern District of California. 28 Mar. 1898. United States v. Wong Kim Ark - 169 U.S. 649 (1898). N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. "UNITED STATES v. WONG KIM ARK." United States v. Wong Kim Ark. The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Wing, Bob. "Crossing Race and Nationality: The Racial Formation of Asian Americans, 1852-1965." Monthly Review 7 (2005): 1. ELibrary. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Wong, William. "The Citizenship of Wong Kim Ark." San Francisco Examiner 08 Apr. 1998, Second Edition ed., News sec.: A-19. Print. Yokoi, Iris. "CHINATOWN Exclusion Law's Effect Examined." Los Angeles Times 12 Dec. 1993: n. pag. Print.

From Teleworking to E-Work :: essays research papers

From Teleworking to E-Work The following was an invited contribution to The West Berkshire Labour Conference, which was held in July 2000 by Thames Valley Enterprise (the predecessor of the Business Link business development agency). Over the last few years improvements in portable computers and mobile communications (boosted by services from locally based Vodafone) has seen a growth in the use of virtual working and e-working (electronic working). Much of this has happened in an ad-hoc way as managers and professionals simply adapt to working in a location independent manner - in hotels, airport lounges, at home and on the move. This e-conference is an example of virtual working, where previously there would have been a real conference. In other words, business activities that once would have been specially earmarked as telework are now becoming part and parcel of everyday work - but not fast enough. The Aspiration Gap Various surveys show that about 5 per cent of UK workers are classified as teleworkers i.e. they spend significant time working away from offices using telecommunications. Yet the most remarkable finding is that some two thirds of employees would like to telework if their bosses would let them. The challenge, as always, is one of management. Managers must learn to manage at a distance. They must plan and develop work methods that allow - even encourage - employees to work in the most effective settings, which may be at home or in a shared satellite office away from areas of high rents and labour shortages, like West Berkshire. They must learn how to gauge employee's performance by outputs not by inputs (i.e. time spent sitting in the office). None of this is new. There is now over a decade's worth of proven cases where organizations, such as Siemens, Sedgwick, Oxfordshire County Council, have gained significant benefits from telework, and many practical guidelines (see Resources at e nd). Formal Telework Programmes Companies that have fully achieved significant benefits have done so through a formal telework programme. While ad-hoc or informal teleworking will have some benefits (mostly for the employee!), only a systematic approach will gain the organization-wide benefits that are achievable. Simply because someone can use a mobile telephone and portable computer does not mean a) that they are effective as they could be; and b) that the organization's work system as whole is optimized. A typical formal programme has the following elements:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A focused programme team with representatives from different parts of the business and specialists in the disciplines needed - technology, change management, work design etc.

Business & Ethics of Becton Dickinson and the Safety Syringe Controversy Author

Becton Dickinson has been in the middle of the controversy regarding the manufacturing, sale and monopoly of safety syringes used by hospitals, clinics, and doctor and dentist offices.   When the epidemic of AIDS and other lethal and infectious diseases spread across the nation, healthcare workers were still using a conceptualization of the original type of syringe created over 150 years ago (Holding and Carlsen, 1998; Holding and Carlsen, 1998).The healthcare workers realized that they were no longer safe and fought to get safer standards and equipment for use in the work place.By 1998, the federal patent office has given patents to over 1000 designs for safety syringes.   However, only a few were on the market and their initial cost was exorbitant. Even with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) enactment of the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard in 1991, and the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act little has been truly done to protect the healthcare wor kers (Holding & Carlsen, 1998; Holding and Carlsen, 1998, Armstrong, 1991; Vadgama, 2002; Workers at risk, 2002).A prime example was in 2002 when it was approximated that 1600 healthcare workers could contract HIV through needle sticks in that year (Vadgama, 2002),   with a rough estimate cost of $255,000 for the direct and indirect costs associated with that one needle stick (Armstrong, 1991).The fact that Becton Dickinson purchased a number of the patents for safer syringes, they only offered on size when they finally started to manufacture the syringe.   The 3cc was fine for a few tasks in hospitals and clinics, but the 5cc and 10cc were used more often.Becton Dickinson did not offer the shielded syringes in this size, and by buying patents and negotiating with medical supply companies they did not need to make any other size.They continued to sell their original syringes (Holding & Carlson, 1998; Holding & Carlsen, 1998).   These actions defined by the utilitarian approach shows that the company was doing what was good for the company.   In essence, Becton Dickinson was basing their decisions on the corporate population rather than the public.After court battles and settlements the Becton Dickinson Company has finally begun to manufacture all types of safety syringes.   While they are not recommended, they are made and sold .The fact is that while Becton Dickinson was fighting to keep the new safety syringes from the public, Retractable Technologies, Inc created a better and safer syringe with top recommendations for safety and ease of use (Holding, 1991; Holding & Carlsen, 1998).   If Becton Dickinson would have acted ethically and manufactured and researched safety syringes, they would be at the top of the industry. References Armstrong, S. E. (1991, November/December). The Cost of Needle-Stick Injuries: The Impact of Safer Medical Devices.   Nursing Economics. 9(6).   pp. 426-433. Retrieved January 8, 2009 from http://search.ebscohost.co m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=12182254&site=ehost-liveHolding, R.  (April 14, 1998).  Safety Designs Proposed — But Not Produced.  Ã‚  San Francisco Chronicle.  ,  p.A7.  Retrieved  January 10, 2009,  from  Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center  via  Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPSHolding, R.,  &  Carlsen, W.  (April 13, 1998).  Epidemic Ravages Caregivers / Thousands die from diseases contracted through needle sticks.  Ã‚  San Francisco Chronicle.  ,  p.A1.  Retrieved  January 10, 2009,  from  Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center  via  Gale:

Evaluation of my ICT Database, Spreadsheet and Newsletter

Health and SafetyI followed the school rules, and didnt bring some(prenominal) food/drink into both figurer inhabits that could be damaging the galvanizing appliances if any beverages split on it. I didnt bring my bag or coat into the classroom to sink calamity of someone tripping over, and I do legitimate that totally wires were safely infra my desk so that no-one could trip over them. When it was joyful and I was sat facing a com puter I do genuine that the blinds were closed so that I didnt get a headache. When I had a double lesson we had a 5minute break amid the 2 periods. This was to reduce chances of getting a headache, poor circulation or even backache.I adjusted my chairs acme so that my eyes were at the same level as the screen to reduce eye strain. I watched appear for any trailing cables from the mo utilisation or headphones and I apply wrist rests to prevent RSI.certificateI made sure that I never told anyone my password, or that I didnt write it win s o that no one could alter my work in any way, or delete it. I had no internet access so no vir drills could be downloaded. I protected my work regularly just in case of a power cut, or if I knocked the wires, or if some some early(a) thing happened. My work was regularly support up, e precise night, and preventd on an orthogonal hard-drive. I followed safe, healthy and secure workings times at all times. I nominate load softwargon and save work in folders with step up help. I can to a fault print, and use the computer interlocking without aid. database EvaluationFieldsFirstly, I succeed 13 line of merchandises in my entropybase, however to rectify I could add much(prenominal) Yes/No fields such(prenominal) as free flight meal, room service, etc. Also, the lengths of fields, in the send back facial expression, were not restricted. This leads to memory loss which could be a vital aspect later(prenominal) on. To educate improvements I made sure that I apply a fi eld restriction from 255 to 75. A earnest register of the fields in my database is that Date/ date (departure, arrival) fields used a NN/NN/NN format. (N import number) This saves the user from having to write out the date, this could overly lead to human error.Data admittanceI bring in many types of data entry, such as Currency, textual matter, Date/Time, Number, Yes/No. I earn used all the data entry types that I approximate fit this task.ValidationI used a range check on my Number of People, Reference Number, etc. To bind sure that only a reliable number can be entered.FormsMy food coloring escape for my database is colourful, besides not too bright. I enduret notice the need to improve my colour escape as its very basic. The human face I used is easier to convey and is becomingly sized. at that place be advantages in employ a form, for example you dont need to scroll down to view all the table, this could prevent RSI, because they isnt a need to scroll d own/up.SortsI sorted my holiday dates in exhibition to make it easier to squ ar off holidays closer to the rate of flow date.SearchesI did assayes on holidays with cruises. By use a search, it was quicker and easier to find the holidays that catered for my item holiday. The searches would be very helpful to a working company as it would be much quicker to fin d a holiday to a trusted specification. I also did advanced search to find specific words to do with my holiday.ReportsMy report was organised into the type of country, wherefore the destination. The size of the fields allowed all, if not the majority, of culture to be displayed and the information is set out quite simply. The report is much easier to read than in a table because you dont establish to scroll down or anything. However, some of the fields permit beingness cut of the edge. I could do other reports based on the termss of holidays, etc.Spread piece of paper EvaluationLayout and DataThe labels of my divergent fields are cleared and substantially understandable. The data I have included in realistic and I know this because I used a travel website as a road map so that it was easier for me to do mine. And I also went to a travel agency and they showed me theyre website and some of the features I could use in mine. The cell merging was used when starting how many in a group. I have used grids to separate for severally one bit of the go around sheet, so quite a little dont get worried about where the information is supposed to be. I could have used extra labels such as the type of holiday to each one is or whether there are disable facilities.FormulasIn my spread sheet, there is automatic pistol recalculation if data exchanges, as shown in my What If Investigations. This is accommodating if there is a sudden change in hotel make ups as it mechanically recalculates the total cost. The calculations are also straight and do not need checking. To improve, I could use ot her formulas such as a count or use a 3d cell point of reference.Realistic Data and OutcomesAll my prices, including the cost of the hotel extras and the cost of the divergent travel options, were realistic. I know this because I used a number of websites to get ideas for the right price and averaged the cost. To make the data more realistic, I should use the same website to find out all the guide prices.General Advantages or DisadvantagesUsing a spread sheet saves time when searching for data. The prices of my holidays are flabby to find and realistic. The graphs I used make the different data for the different holidays come together in one escaped to find place. The information that needs to be prove can be found quickly with no hassle.Future Developments at that place are other spreadsheets that could be useful to the company. There could be a spread sheet that shows the different costs of different airline companies or train companies to find out the cheapest way to get to your destination.I could also add in other sheets to the spreadsheet I have already, like a sheet displaying the discounts available of each holiday or a sheet exhibit the cost of a holiday to each destination for one adult, two adults, triplet adults etc.Newsletter Evaluation not bad(predicate) PointsI tick off with some of the points given, but I dis check over with others. I agree that the use of my variety of lawsuits and use of techniques such as centred, underlining, bold which added empathy to my information. I have displayed the prices in an allow manner, with techniques such as bold, underlining. I think the theme I used for my newssheet fits well with the pass theme because its not dark. My newsletter is more appealing to Adults, because of the cruise. pitiful PointsThere are some bad points, or points that I think need better about my newsletter. I could of used more auto shapes to add more abstruseness to my newsletter, it looks plain. The pictures I added to my master page are a little too minute, although they are set of in a good way. Also the writing size I have chosen is too small to read. The colours I have used do not over-whelm the endorser, its very plain and easily read disdain the size of the font.ImprovementsTo improve my newsletter I need to do the following- I could change the colour of my existing tables so that they fit the colour scheme end-to-end my pages in my newsletter. I could make the font bigger so that the read wouldnt have any trouble in reading the information I have put in my newsletter. I could summation the size of my master-page images so that they are easily viewed, since that is one of the main features of my newsletter. I could use different customized bullet points, since I havent added any bullet points in my newsletter.PowerPoint EvaluationGood PointsI agree with some points made and, again, I dissent with some. I agree that the colour scheme I have used is appropriate to the target audience, it s quite sophisticated. I have not used headers and footers this would of being easier to give the powerpoint slides specific titles so the reader could easily identify the holiday they command to look at. My pictures are a adequate size, and the positioning is good. I used different fonts and techniques to make my powerpoint more interesting to the reader.Bad PointsOn the other hand, there are some bad points about my powerpoint- I didnt use coloured text, which would of made it more interesting. I havent used headers and footers (explained in good points.)ImprovementsTo improve my powerpoint I could- Put colour on my text, to make the readers more interested. I could put headers and footers so the reader knows straight outside what type of holiday this is.

How Did the Nuremberg Trials Work and Who Was Tried and Why? Essay

The war crime trials held at Nuremberg are one of the some well(p)-known trials against existence in history. These trials were very tortuous and consisted of m either volume from human beingsy different countries. Justice was a commodious fictional character of these trials and righteousice was served to the stack who were tried and convicted end-to-end this complex process. The specific name for these trials was the internationalist legions Tribunal, often referred to as IMT (Taylor Intro). These were complex trials which sought to trespass new legal ground on study issues of planetary law (Taylor 4).Simply, the Nuremberg trials were created to convict the people who were mingled in the Holocaust and the destruction of Poland as well as other stock-stillts. The events of the Nazi era were a major part of the Nuremberg trials (Taylor 3). These trials were much much mingled than the average somebody would think. It changed the lives of many, many people non nev ertheless were the families of those convicted but of the people who sat in on the hearings were bear upon. Everyone who was remotely involved in these trials was affected by them. But what law was the International armed services Tribunal enforcing? Ordinary courts and trials are based on the statuses of sovereign nations.However, the IMT was no ordinary court. It was established by the United States and three other major European Nations, and the laws by which the IMT was bound were non the laws of those or of any other nations. For its rules on crime the IMT played primarily to the international laws of war, violations were c in bothed war crimes (Taylor 5). Humanitarianism played a self-aggrandizing role in the development of the laws for Nuremberg (Taylor 5). The laws by which the judicatory would follow were not chosen over a days time but, they were well panorama out, reviewed and reviewed again. This was necessary for the simple reason that there would be no way for the charge to beat the organisation because something in the wording was wrong.One of the near historied trials from Nuremberg was that of Goering Hermann Goering. Goering was commander in chief of the air force, devastation chair of the Reichstag, and prime minister of Russia. He was found at fault for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity (Goldensohn 101). It took much more than just taking a look at what Goering did during his time of doing these disastrous things, they looked at his parents, his childhood they took a look at his personal issues. They went deep enough even to look at his past wives (Goldensohn 101). Unlike to the highest degree people convicted by dint ofout the trials Goering was willing to accept that he very did these things. He admitted his wrong doings (Goldensohn 102). unremarkably the convicted would try to fight the system.Goering was a smart man and knew it was easier to accept these things because he knew he did them. G oering was willing to hypothesize he was Hitlers successor he worked face to face with Hitler (Goldensohn 102). That right there could have been enough for the punishment of death. Goering believed that his childhood has no major effect on his pornographic personality, but that his childhood qualities were the same he acquired now he didnt change much. Goerings trial ended in him being sentenced to death by hanging. Two hours before this scheduled execution, on October 15, 1946 he committed suicide in his cellular telephone (Goldensohn 101). Goerings case was one of the more complex and more interesting cases. He understood what was passing game on and didnt fear for his animateness because he knew all of the things he did were wrong.Walther rebound was minister of political economy from 1937 to 1945 (Goldensohn 76). He was tried at Nuremberg. Unlike Goering, Funk feared for his life and would become defensive and teary-eyed when asked close to his political activity. He cla imed he was only a small part of the things that happened and had no idea what was dismission on (Goldensohn 76). Funk did not lead the insalubrious life-style that Goering did but what he did in his adult years was enough to get him into these trials and be convicted. In 1931 he retired from the editorship of the paper, because I felt that the National Socialists were certain(p) to assume power and I was drawn to the movement.Germany was in a crisis. Unemployment was great. Class struggles existed (Goldensohn 77). Funk was never part of the inner circle of Hitler, He was not a politician (he only headed the office for Private work for a few months) (Goldensohn 79). Then average person today in 2011 would think that all the people tried in Nuremberg hated the Jews and were anti-Semitic. Funk was actually a friend with many Jewish people, he worked with Jews he did not hate them (Goldensohn 80). At Nuremberg they accused Funk for the rearmament of Germany. Funk claims that it was false and it was in the work force of Georg Thomas (Goldensohn 81). In the end, on October 1st, 1946 Funk was sentenced to life in prison. He was released in 1957 for health problems and later(prenominal) died in 1960.The Nuremberg trials were different and more complex than most trials. They were held to serve justice. In the end justice was served. The International Military Tribunal was successful in what they cute to accomplish in the first place. These trials are not fully understood by many in particular in the laws that they followed and how the trials were run. Having multiple nations involved and defendants from many nations it became dangerous through translation and things like that. The Nuremberg trials broke the legal ground internationally that it sought to break.Jacklyn Oleksak 3/23/11Works Cited Pd. 2Dodd, Christopher J. Letters from Nuremberg. sore York Crown Publishing, 2007. Print.This book did not help me as much as I thought it would. entitle Letters from Nuremberg it sounded like it would help. After reading mingled pages I noticed it was more of a refreshful of enjoyment rather than a useful re parentage. It was a fairly light re ancestry to understand and the authors credential were very good but I only used a line of twain from the intact book. I got it at the Plainedge Public Library with two other books about the trials.Goldensohn, Leon. The Nuremberg Interviews. New York Alfred A Knopf, 2004. Print.Goldensohn has the trump credentials of all. He was the one interviewing the defendants in his book. Therefore, all his breeding was accurate. The books reliability was very high because it had so much selective information and by checking other sources, it was all correct. It was written a bit above an roaring reading level but I was cap subject to understand it fairly well and get the information I needed. I accessed it at the Public depository library while looking through books for my re chase.Gormley, Larry. Hermann W. Gring. Ehistory memorial. 2001. OSU plane section of history. 17 establish 2011. .This website was fairly helpful. I didnt use it as a primary source but rather as a source to check information. It was helpful in the part of my rise about Goering. It gave me a good oversight of what that split would be about and then I got the more complex details in the Nuremberg Interviews book. I accessed it through advanced search on google.Linder, Doug. The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials An Overview. institution famous trials. 2000. Nuremberg trials. 15 March 2011. This like the Ehistory archives website gave me a great overview of what my paper was going to be about. It was very useful in helping me escort out what was important for my paper and what was not as important. It helped my research become more detailed and it do it a better paper all together. I accessed it in the PHS library from searching on advances search Google.Taylor, Ella. Crimes against humanity. The Village Voice. 29 September- 5 October 2011. ProQuest. PHS library. 22 March 2011. http//proquest.umi.comThis website did not help me at all. It was not as to the point as the other resources I used. It was unnoticeable and unhelpful. It did have some correct information and it was a knowledgeable source but it was not what I needed to write my paper. I accessed it through the PHS databases.Taylor, Telford. The course of the Nuremberg trials. New York Alfred A Knopf, 1992. PrintThis was my most worthful source. It gave me much more than I needed and gave me a variety of information to choose from. It was not an easy reading level to read at. It was most seeming written for well-educated adults but I was able to decipher the information I needed for my research. The information is accurate, I checked through other sources. This was my most helpful guide throughout the research. I accessed it at the Public library.